=========================+========+=======+=========+========= | | | Length, | Width, Species | Length | Width | percent | percent -------------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------- Ptilogonys caudatus | 9.8 | 3.9 | 45 | 18 Ptilogonys cinereus | 8.8 | 4.1 | 41 | 19 Phainopepla nitens | 8.4 | 3.9 | 41 | 19 Phainoptila melanoxantha | 8.5 | 3.5 | 35 | 14 Dulus dominicus | 8.5 | 2.9 | 38 | 13 Bombycilla garrula | 7.0 | 3.5 | 31 | 15 Bombycilla cedrorum | 7.1 | 2.9 | 35 | 14 -------------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------- Table 8. Length of Sternum and Depth of Carina expressed as percentages of the Length of the Trunk =========================+=========+======== Species | Sternum | Carina -------------------------+---------+-------- Ptilogonys caudatus | 85 | 28 Ptilogonys cinereus | 91 | 32 Phainopepla nitens | 81 | 26 Phainoptila melanoxantha | 76 | 25 Dulus dominicus | 107 | 28 Bombycilla garrula | 88 | 33 Bombycilla cedrorum | 82 | 31 -------------------------+---------+-------- Table 9. Skull and Sternum, Length and Width in mm. =========================+========+=======+=========+========= | Length | Width | Length | Width Species | of | of | of | of | Skull | Skull | Sternum | Sternum -------------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------- Ptilogonys caudatus | 34.9 | 15.6 | 23.9 | 7.8 Ptilogonys cinereus | 33.4 | 14.7 | 24.3 | 8.5 Phainopepla nitens | 33.3 | 15.1 | 21.3 | 6.9 Phainoptila melanoxantha | 39.7 | 16.0 | 24.8 | 8.2 Dulus dominicus | 36.4 | 16.6 | 30.5 | 8.0 Bombycilla garrula | 37.0 | 16.8 | 30.0 | 11.2 Bombycilla cedrorum | 34.0 | 15.5 | 25.3 | 9.6 -------------------------+--------+-------+---------+--------- The length of the trunk was taken as the distance from the anterior tip of the neural crest of the last cervical vertebra to the anterior edge of an acetabulum. The number of free thoracic vertebra was five in each specimen; consequently, there was no error from this source. In the cranium, a measurement was taken from the anterior edge of the lacrimal bone to the posteriormost end of the cranium, and the resultant figure was employed for a constant in cases in which small bones were compared. Table 10. Relative Length and Width of Skull (in percent)