Phylogeny of the Waxwings and Allied BirdsArvey, M. Dale (Martin Dale)
Science
Phylogeny of the Waxwings and Allied Birds
Arvey, M. Dale (Martin Dale)
Bombycillidae -- Phylogeny; Waxwings -- Phylogeny
_Measurements._--Wing 91.0, tail 90.3, culmen 11.5, tarsus 17.6.
_Range._--Southwestern United States, from central California,
southern Utah, and central western Texas southward to Cape San Lucas
in Baja California, and into northwestern Mexico (Sonora and
Chihuahua).
Subfamily =Bombycillinae=
_Diagnosis._--Wings long and pointed, reaching almost to tip of tail;
first primary spurious; second primary longest; tail short and even;
rictal vibrissae few and short; secondaries generally, and sometimes
also rectrices, tipped with red, corneous appendages; nasal fossa
partly filled with short, antrorse, close-set velvety feathers;
plumage soft, silky; tail tipped with yellow band (red in _B.
japonica_); sexes alike; humerus short with large external condyle;
caudal muscles and pygostyle not well developed; bill flared widely at
base; one genus, three species.
_Range of subfamily._--Holarctic breeding area; wanders nomadically
south in winter to Central America and West Indies, southern Europe
and Asia.
Genus =Bombycilla= Brisson
_Bombycilla_ Brisson, Orn. ii, 1760:337. Type _Bombycilla garrula_
(Linnaeus).
_Diagnosis._--As described for the subfamily.
=Bombycilla cedrorum= Vieillot
Cedar Waxwing
_Bombycilla cedrorum_ Vieillot, Hist. Nat. Amer., 1:88, Sept. 1, 1807
_Diagnosis._--Coloration of adults: Shading from Saccardo's Umber on
dorsum to Bister on top of head; upper tail coverts and proximal
rectrices Gull Gray; underparts shade through pale Lemon Yellow wash
on belly into White on under tail coverts; forehead, lores, and
eye-stripe Black; chin same, soon shading into Blackish Mouse Gray and
into color of breast; side of under jaw with sharp White line; narrow
line bordering forehead, and lores, White; lower eyelid White; quills
of remiges Dark Mouse Gray, darkening at tips; inner quills tipped
with red horny wax appendages; tail feathers like primaries, but
tipped with Lemon Yellow, and occasionally showing also red horny wax
appendages; bill and feet Black. Coloration of young: Dorsum as in
adult, but lightly streaked with White; head concolor with dorsum;
forehead White; lores Black; eye stripe Black anterior to eye and
White posterior to eye; throat Light Buff; belly with alternate
streaks of Dresden Brown and light Ochraceous Buff but posteriorly
White; tail tipped with Lemon Yellow bar; bill black at tip, shading
to Sepia at base.
_Measurements._--Wing 92.9, tail 55.5, culmen 10.9, tarsus 16.8.
_Range._--Breeds from central British Columbia, central Alberta and
Manitoba, northern Ontario, southern Quebec and Cape Breton Island
south to northwestern California, northern New Mexico, Kansas,
northern Arkansas, North Carolina, and northern Georgia. Winters south
to Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas, Arizona, Colorado, Florida,
Honduras, Costa Rica, Jamaica, Little Cayman Island, Haiti, and
Panama.
=Bombycilla garrula= (Linnaeus)
Bohemian Waxwing
_Bombycilla garrula_ (Linnaeus), Syst. Nat., 10th Ed., 1758:55.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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