Physics and Politics, or, Thoughts on the application of the principles of "natural selection" and "inheritance" to political societyBagehot, Walter
Philosophy
Physics and Politics, or, Thoughts on the application of the principles of "natural selection" and "inheritance" to political society
Bagehot, Walter
Evolution; Nationalism; Political science
There is no better example of this quality in English statesmen than
Lord Palmerston. There are, of course, many most serious accusations to
be made against him. The sort of homage with which he was regarded in
the last years of his life has passed away; the spell is broken, and
the magic cannot be again revived. We may think that his information
was meagre, that his imagination was narrow, that his aims were
short--sighted and faulty. But though we may often object to his
objects, we rarely find much to criticise in his means. 'He went,' it
has been said, 'with a great swing;' but he never tumbled over; he
always managed to pull up 'before there was any danger.' He was an odd
man to have inherited Hampden's motto; still, in fact, there was a
great trace in him of _mediocria firma_--as much, probably, as there
could be in anyone of such great vivacity and buoyancy.
It is plain that this is a quality which as much as, if not more than,
any other multiplies good results in practical life. It enables men to
see what is good; it gives them intellect enough for sufficient
perception; but it does not make men all intellect; it does not' sickly
them o'er with the pale cast of thought;' it enables them to do the
good things they see to be good, as well as to see that they are good.
And it is plain that a government by popular discussion tends to
produce this quality. A strongly idiosyncratic mind, violently disposed
to extremes of opinion, is soon weeded out of political life, and a
bodiless thinker, an ineffectual scholar, cannot even live there for a
day. A vigorous moderateness in mind and body is the rule of a polity
which works by discussion; and, upon the whole, it is the kind of
temper most suited to the active life of such a being as man in such a
world as the present one.
These three great benefits of free government, though great, are
entirely secondary to its continued usefulness in the mode in which it
originally was useful. The first great benefit was the deliverance of
mankind from the superannuated yoke of customary law, by the gradual
development of an inquisitive originality. And it continues to produce
that effect upon persons apparently far remote from its influence, and
on subjects with which it has nothing to do. Thus Mr. Mundella, a most
experienced and capable judge, tells us that the English artisan,
though so much less sober, less instructed, and less refined than the
artisans of some other countries, is yet more inventive than any other
artisan. The master will get more good suggestions from him than from
any other.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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