Physiological Researches on Life and DeathBichat, Xavier
Science
Physiological Researches on Life and Death
Bichat, Xavier
Death (Biology); Life (Biology)
Let us for instance observe the man, who a stranger to theatrical
amusement of every kind is introduced to the Opera. He will
have but a very imperfect notion of it. The dancing, the music,
the scenery, the actors, the splendor of the whole will be all
confounded within his mind in a sort of delightful chaos. But
let him be present at many representations, and whatever in this
charming whole belongs to the several arts, will assume its
separate place. He will have seized its detail, may form a judgment
of it, and this he will do the more accurately in proportion to his
opportunities of observation.
The above example affords us an abridgment of the picture of the
man, who enjoys for the first time the spectacle of nature. The
child, at its birth, is only capable of general impressions, but
habitude, by gradually blunting these impressions, enables him
to seize the particular attributes of bodies, and teaches him to
see, to hear, to smell, to taste and to touch, by making him in
each sensation descend successively from the confused notion of
the whole to the precise idea of its parts. The animal life needs
education, and this is one of its great characters.
Habit then while it hebetates our sentiments, improves our
judgments of things. An example will render this truth
indisputable. Most persons may recollect that in traversing a
meadow, embellished with a variety of flowers, they have been
sensible of a general fragrance only, the confused assemblage of
all the particular odours which are exhaled from each individual
flower; but in a short time from habit this first sentiment is
weakened, it is soon afterwards altogether effaced. They then may
have distinguished the odour of each particular plant, and formed a
judgment at first impossible.
The two contrary operations thus of habit on our sentiments and
judgments, tend as we see to one common end, the improvement,
namely, of the animal life.
IV. _Of habit in the organic life._
Let us at present compare the above-mentioned phenomena with those
of the organic life, and the latter we shall see as constantly
withdrawn from the influence of habit, as the former are subject to
it.--Habit has never modified the circulation, or respiration, has
never changed the mode of the processes of exhalation, absorption,
or nutrition. A thousand causes would every day endanger our very
existence, were these essential functions under the influence of
habit.
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