Here the windpipe ends in the lungs, but the gullet runs straight
through the chest, lying close at the back on the backbone, and passes
through a hole in the diaphragm into the abdomen, where it swells out
into the stomach. Then it narrows again into the intestine, and after
winding about inside the cavity of the abdomen a good deal, finally
leaves it.
You see the =alimentary canal= (for that is the name given to this long
tube made up of gullet, stomach, intestine, &c.) =goes right through the
cavity of the body without opening into it=--very much as the tall narrow
glass of a lamp passes through the large globe glass. You might pour
anything down the narrow glass without its going into the globe glass,
and you might fill the globe glass and yet leave the narrow glass quite
empty. If you imagine both glasses soft and flexible instead of hard and
stiff, and suppose the narrow glass to be very long and twisted about so
as to all but fill the globe, you will have a very fair idea of how the
alimentary canal is placed in the cavity of the body.
Besides the alimentary canal, there is in the chest, in addition to the
windpipe and lungs, the heart with its great tubes, and in the abdomen
there are the liver, the kidneys, and other organs.
These two great cavities, with all that is inside them, together with
wrappings of flesh and skin which make up the walls of the cavities,
form the trunk, and on to the trunk are fastened the jointed legs and
arms. These have no large cavities, and the alimentary canal goes
nowhere near them.
One more thing you have to note. There is only one alimentary canal, one
liver, one heart--but there are two kidneys and two lungs, the one on
one side, the other on the other, and the one very much like the other.
There are two arms and two legs, the one almost exactly like the other.
There is only one head, but one side of the head is almost exactly like
the other. One side of the vertebral column is exactly like the
other--as are also the two halves of the brain and the two halves of the
spinal cord.
In fact, if you were to cut your rabbit in half from his nose to his
tail, you would find that except for his alimentary canal, his heart,
and his liver, one half was almost exactly the counterpart of the other.
Such is the structure of a rabbit, and your own body, in all the points
I have mentioned, is made up exactly in the same way.
WHAT TAKES PLACE WHEN WE MOVE. § III.
=13.= Let us now go back to the question. =How is it that we can move about
as we do?= And first of all let us take one particular movement and see
if we can understand that.
For instance, you can bend your arm. You know that when your arm is
lying flat on the table, you can, if you like, bend the lower part of
your arm (the fore-arm as it is called, reaching from the elbow to the
hand) on the upper arm until your fingers touch your shoulder. How do
you manage to do that?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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