Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiologyBerger, E. W. (Edward William)
Science
Physiology and histology of the Cubomedusæ: including Dr. F.S. Conant's notes on the physiology
Berger, E. W. (Edward William)
Cubomedusae
The removal of a single oral arm or of the whole eight, in Polyclonia,
had much the same effect as the removal of a lithocyst: there was a
decided slowing of the rate of pulsation, while the immediate effect of
cutting was an acceleration or a return to near the normal rate. About
a day later this same animal had quite regained its normal rate of
pulsation and continued to live over two weeks. A long latent period
followed the cutting of an arm, before the stimulation of cutting
manifested itself.
An Aurelia, with all its lithocysts removed, still gave spontaneous
and coördinated contractions after allowing time for recovery from the
operation. This was the result in one instance, while in several others
only a few contractions were observed. Removal of the sixteen marginal
bodies (lithocysts) in a Cassiopœa produced paralysis for a time but
recovery soon followed. A Polyclonia with its entire margin removed was
paralyzed but had so far recovered in a day as to be able, at intervals,
to give spontaneous pulsations.
The removed margin of a Polyclonia pulsated vigorously. This margin was
then split so as to make a ring within a ring but connected at one point
by a small bridge of tissue. The waves of contraction, which always
originated on the ring with the lithocysts, passed the bridge to the
inner ring quite as Romanes experienced. The outer ring was next split
so as to separate the exumbral portion from the subumbral, when it was
found that the contractions always originated from the latter. Seven
days after its removal, this same margin was still alive and pulsating
vigorously, and broken-off pieces of the subumbral portion were pulsating
by themselves. Fifteen of the ganglia were removed. It was then found
that while most of the pulsations originated at the remaining ganglion,
now and then contractions originated in other parts where no ganglion
remained. Two days later this margin was still alive with contractions
originating as often from other parts as from the ganglion. A similar
observation was made on a margin of Cassiopœa.
A Polyclonia with the eight lithocysts of one side removed, to compare
with a normal one, gave no evidence of affected coördination.
An oral lobe from an Aurelia could give contractions some minutes after
removal.
In another Aurelia a circular cut was made about the base of the oral
lobes through the epithelium of the subumbrella. The animal could pulsate
well enough but coördination seemed a little affected, while in another
one with a like cut but semicircular, no effect was noticed.
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