In the preparation of this work valuable assistance has been rendered by Dr. C.N. McAllister, Department of Psychology, and by Professor B.M. Stigall, Department of Biology, along the lines of their respective specialties, and in a more general way by President W.J. Hawkins and others of the Warrensburg, Missouri, State Normal School. Expert advice from Professor S.D. Magers, Instructor in Physiology and Bacteriology, State Normal School, Ypsilanti, Michigan, has been especially helpful, and many practical suggestions from the high school teachers of physiology of Kansas City, Missouri, Professor C.H. Nowlin, Central High School, Dr. John W. Scott, Westport High School, and Professor A.E. Shirling, Manual Training High School, all of whom read both manuscript and proofs, have been incorporated. Considerable material for the Practical Work, including the respiration experiment (page 101) and the reaction time experiment (page 323), were contributed by Dr. Scott. Professor Nowlin’s suggestions on subject-matter and methods of presentation deserve special mention. To these and many others the author makes grateful acknowledgment. F.M.W. MISSOURI STATE NORMAL SCHOOL, SECOND DISTRICT, May 1, 1909. CONTENTS Preface Contents PART I: THE VITAL PROCESSES CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION CHAPTER II - GENERAL VIEW OF THE BODY CHAPTER III - THE BODY ORGANIZATION CHAPTER IV - THE BLOOD CHAPTER V - THE CIRCULATION CHAPTER VI - THE LYMPH AND ITS MOVEMENT THROUGH THE BODY CHAPTER VII - RESPIRATION CHAPTER VIII - PASSAGE OF OXYGEN THROUGH THE BODY CHAPTER IX - FOODS AND THE THEORY OF DIGESTION CHAPTER X - ORGANS AND PROCESSES OF DIGESTION CHAPTER XI - ABSORPTION, STORAGE, AND ASSIMILATION CHAPTER XII - ENERGY SUPPLY OF THE BODY CHAPTER XIII - GLANDS AND THE WORK OF EXCRETION PART II: MOTION, COORDINATION, AND SENSATION CHAPTER XIV - THE SKELETON CHAPTER XV - THE MUSCULAR SYSTEM CHAPTER XVI - THE SKIN CHAPTER XVII - STRUCTURE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CHAPTER XVIII - PHYSIOLOGY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CHAPTER XIX - HYGIENE OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM CHAPTER XX - PRODUCTION OF SENSATIONS CHAPTER XXI - THE LARYNX AND THE EAR CHAPTER XXII - THE EYE CHAPTER XXIII - THE GENERAL PROBLEM OF KEEPING WELL APPENDIX INDEX PHYSIOLOGY AND HYGIENE PART I: THE VITAL PROCESSES CHAPTER I - INTRODUCTION To derive strength equal to the daily task; to experience the advantages of health and avoid the pain, inconvenience, and danger of disease; to live out contentedly and usefully the natural span of life: these are problems that concern all people. They are, however, but different phases of one great problem—the problem of properly managing or caring for the body. To supply knowledge necessary to the solution of this problem is the chief reason why the body is studied in our public schools.