The officers were then, as now, given the after part of the ship. A wooden bulkhead separated the cabins of the officers from the main-decks, where the men lived, though when the ship was cleared for action the bulkheads were taken down and all movable property both of officer and man was taken below-deck. This gave a clean sweep of the deck from bow to stern. The steerage had from two to six broadside-guns in it, and even the captain had to live with a couple of brass stern-chasers and a broadsider or two. The grandest line-of-battle-ship ever built for this country was the old “Pennsylvania.” She was made of wood throughout, two hundred and twenty feet long and fifty-eight feet beam, with a draft of twenty-five feet of water and thirty-five hundred tons displacement,--just one-third of that of the modern “Iowa.” Eleven hundred men could swing their hammocks on her wide decks, where no modern gun-carriages or steel compartments broke the long sweep from the cabin forward. Her sides were of oak, with a thickness of eighteen inches at the upper gun-ports and thirty-two inches at the water-line, almost heavy enough at long range to resist the shot of a modern rifle. Her sixteen inches were proof against her own fire at a mile. On her three fighting-decks she carried sixteen 8-inch guns, the heaviest they had in those days, and one hundred and four 32-pounders. Her mainmast was over two hundred feet long, and with all sail set she could leg it at twelve knots an hour. But compare her with the modern “Indiana.” The “Pennsylvania” weighed less than the armor of the “Indiana” alone. The “Indiana” has but sixteen guns, against one hundred and twenty on the “Pennsylvania;” but that broadside can send two tons of tempered steel at a single discharge. The old 8-inch guns of the “Pennsylvania” could send a shell through fifteen inches of oak at a distance of a mile--the equivalent of half an inch of steel. The range of a modern rifle is from five to twelve miles; the penetration is almost anything you please in the way of steel armor. The “Pennsylvania’s” shells at point-blank range would hardly make a perceptible dent in the “Indiana’s” steel armor, and the old cast-iron shot would roll harmlessly down the new ship’s sides. But one explosive shell from the “Indiana” would go through the “Pennsylvania” from stem to stern, and would splinter and burn her beyond repair. The “Pennsylvania” cost the government, in 1837, nearly seven hundred thousand dollars; a fabulous sum for a battle-ship in those days. The “Indiana” cost three millions and a half,--only two hundred and fifty thousand dollars less than the sum paid for that vast territory bought from Napoleon, and known as the “Louisiana Purchase,” and about half the sum paid for the acquisition of Alaska from Russia.