21. The chief cities in old Latium were ROME; Ti'bur, _Tivoli_; Tus'culum, _Frescati_; Al'ba Lon'ga, of which no trace remains; Lavin'ium; An'tium; Ga'bii; and Os'tia, _Civita Vecchia_; the chief towns in new Latium were Fun'di, Anx'ur or Terraci'na, Ar'pinum, Mintur'nae, and For'miae. 22. CAMPA'NIA included the fertile volcanic plains that lie between the Liris on the north, and the Si'lanus, _Selo_, on the south; the other most remarkable river was the Voltur'nus, _Volturno_. The chief cities were, Ca'pua the capital, Linter'num, Cu'mae, Neapo'lis, _Naples_; Hercula'neum, Pompe'ii, Surren'tum, Saler'num, &c. The original inhabitants of Campa'nia, were the Auso'nes and Op'ici or Osci, the most ancient of the native Italian tribes. The Tyrrhenian Pelas'gi made several settlements on the coast, and are supposed to have founded Cap'ua. The Etruscans were afterwards masters of the country, but their dominion was of brief duration, and left no trace behind. Campa'nia was subdued by the Romans after the Volscian war. 23. The soil of Campa'nia is the most fruitful, perhaps, in the world, but it is subject to earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Mount Vesu'vius in the early ages of Italy was not a volcano; its first eruption took place A.D. 79. 24. UM'BRIA extended along the middle and east of Italy, from the river Rubicon in the north, to the AE'sis, _Gesano_, dividing it from Pise'num, and the Nar, _Nera_, separating it from Sam'nium in the south. The Umbrians were esteemed one of the most ancient races in Italy, and were said to have possessed the greater part of the northern and central provinces. They were divided into several tribes, which seem to have been semi-barbarous, and they were subject to the Gauls before they were conquered by the Romans. Their chief towns were Arimi'nium, _Rimini_; Spole'tium, _Spoleto_; Nar'nia, _Narni_; and Ocricu'lum, _Otriculi_. 25. PICE'NUM was the name given to the fertile plain that skirts the Adriatic, between the AE'sis, _Gesano_, and the Atar'nus, _Pescara_. The chief cities were Anco'na and Asc'ulum Pice'num, _Ascoli_. The Picentines were descended from the Sabines, and observed the strict and severe discipline of that warlike race, but they were destitute of courage or vigour. 26. SAM'NIUM included the mountainous tract which stretches from the Atar'nus in the north, to the Fren'to in the south. It was inhabited by several tribes descended from the Sabines[3] and Ma'rsi, of which the Samnites were the most distinguished; the other most remarkable septs were the Marruci'ni and Pelig'ni in the north, the Frenta'ni in the east, and the Hirpi'ni in the south.