HISTORIC HIGHWAYS OF AMERICA VOLUME 11 [Illustration: A MILESTONE ON BRADDOCK'S ROAD [_See page 105, note 19_]] HISTORIC HIGHWAYS OF AMERICA VOLUME 11 Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers (Volume I) BY ARCHER BUTLER HULBERT _With Illustrations_ [Illustration] THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY CLEVELAND, OHIO 1904 COPYRIGHT, 1904 BY THE ARTHUR H. CLARK COMPANY ALL RIGHTS RESERVED CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE 11 I. THE EVOLUTION OF HIGHWAYS: FROM INDIAN TRAIL TO TURNPIKE 15 II. A PILGRIM ON THE PENNSYLVANIA ROAD 106 III. ZANE'S TRACE AND THE MAYSVILLE PIKE 151 IV. PIONEER TRAVEL IN KENTUCKY 175 ILLUSTRATIONS I. A MILESTONE ON BRADDOCK'S ROAD _Frontispiece_ II. INDIAN TRAVAIL 19 III. OLD CONESTOGA FREIGHTER 50 IV. EARLIEST STYLE OF LOG TAVERN 87 V. WIDOW MCMURRAN'S TAVERN (Scrub Ridge, Pennsylvania Road) 134 VI. BRIDGE ON WHICH ZANE'S TRACE CROSSED THE MUSKINGUM RIVER AT ZANESVILLE, OHIO 162 VII. PIONEER VIEW OF HOUSES AT FORT CUMBERLAND, MARYLAND 191 PREFACE The first chapter of this volume presents an introduction to the two volumes of this series devoted to Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers. The evolution of American highways from Indian trail to macadamized road is described; the Lancaster Turnpike, the first macadamized road in the United States, being taken as typical of roads of the latter sort. An experience of a noted traveler, Francis Baily, the eminent British astronomer, is presented in chapter two. The third chapter is devoted to the story of Zane's Trace from Virginia to Kentucky across Ohio, and its terminal, the famous Maysville Pike. It was this highway which precipitated President Jackson's veto of the Internal Improvement Bill of 1830, one of the epoch-making vetoes in our economic history. The last chapter is the vivid picture of Kentucky travel drawn by Judge James Hall in his description of "The Emigrants," in _Legends of the West_. The illustrations in this volume have been selected to show styles of pioneer architecture and means of locomotion, including types of earliest taverns, bridges, and vehicles. A. B. H. MARIETTA, OHIO, December 30, 1903. Pioneer Roads and Experiences of Travelers (Volume I) CHAPTER I THE EVOLUTION OF HIGHWAYS: FROM INDIAN TRAIL TO TURNPIKE