A precipitous decrease in particle intensity, lasting only for about 12 seconds, was observed over a wide range of energies for both protons and electrons at a distance near 2.53 Saturn radii, 23 minutes after Pioneer crossed the Saturn ring plane inbound. At about the same time, an anomaly was also observed in the magnetic field measurements. These phenomena have been tentatively interpreted as indicating the presence of a nearby massive body absorbing the trapped radiation and perturbing Saturn’s magnetic field. The estimated radius of this object lies in the range of 100 to 300 km, based on the effectiveness with which it absorbed the high-energy radiation. The total radiation dose received at Saturn was equivalent to only 2 minutes in the Jovian radiation belts because Saturn’s radiation belts were so much weaker. In addition to images of Saturn, the brightness, color, and polarization of the reflected light were also measured by the imaging photopolarimeter on Pioneer Saturn. These measurements are used to study the cloud layers of Saturn and Titan and to model the vertical structure of the atmospheres of these two bodies. In the scans that made the images, the banded structures of Saturn and of the rings were obtained in fine detail. These are essential in studying the atmosphere, rings, and moons. A new Saturnian ring, which has been tentatively designated the F-ring, was discovered in the images. It is narrower than 500 km in width, but is important because it forms an outside barrier to the bright A- and B-rings. The gap between the F- and A-rings has been designated the Pioneer Division by the Pioneer team. A small moon, which either was previously unknown or had been previously discovered from Earth but lost again, was found in the Pioneer Saturn images. After its initial discovery, this new moon continued on its 17-hour orbit around the planet and passed near Pioneer as the spacecraft entered the ring system. It is quite conceivable that this moon is the same one that perturbed the radiation belt particles and produced the anomaly in the magnetic field measurements.