Apocryphal books (New Testament); Christian heresies -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Gnosticism
4), he speaks of the hidden sacraments
of the heretics—by which phrase the ante-Nicene Fathers nearly always
mean the Valentinians—and the answers which the soul must make when
arraigned before the _veras potestates et veros homines_, “powers and
men of Truth,” the “Teleti and Abascanti and Akineti of Valentinus,” of
which names some are to be found in the long catalogue of transcendental
Powers inhabiting the heaven of Truth in the Second Document. So, too,
in the _Adversus Valentinianos_ (c. 35), he speaks of many Powers
distinguished by prefixes like _Prae_ and _An_ which according to him
occupied a very high place in the Valentinian Pantheon, and which
correspond fairly to the Proachoreti, the Protripneumata, and the
Hypertripneumata in the last-mentioned catalogue. Nor is Tertullian here
entirely alone among the Fathers of the period. Irenæus, cautious as he
is not to quote the name of powers reverenced by the heretics, says (II.
xlvii. p. 368 H.) that there is no Pleroma of thirty Æons ... _nec lumen
virginale, nec Æon innominabilis_, under cover of which general
expressions it is plain that he is referring to the Virgin of Light and
the “Great Unseen Forefather” of our First Document. So, too, Hippolytus
(_Philosophumena_, VI. 30, p. 283, Cr.), by a sort of slip of the pen,
calls Sophia “the youngest of all the twenty-four” (not thirty or
twenty-eight or thirty-three) Æons which she is indeed said to be in our
First Document. Finally, Origen writing long after Valentinus and his
immediate successors had passed away, speaks of the heretical stories of
“doors opening of their own accord,” an episode which occurs nowhere
else, so far as I know, than in Jesus’ account of His upward journey in
the same Document.[103]
We see, then, that there are adequate grounds for supposing that the
main documents of our MS. or perhaps those upon which, according to the
German commentators,[104] they are themselves based, are by Valentinus,
and that in any case the Greek original from which the Coptic
translation was made, must be earlier than A.D. 170. This, however, does
not apply to the Interpolated Fragment, which in its present form it is
impossible to date, although, as I have before said, I should myself be
inclined to guess that it once formed part of the story of Jesus’ upward
flight. To continue this until it described the Saviour’s entry into the
realms of the Ineffable One would hardly have seemed too daring to a
writer acquainted, as ours evidently was, with the literature that
passes under the name of Enoch, and the author of the part of the _Bruce
Papyrus_ which Dr. Schmidt calls “_Unbekanntes altgnostiche Werk_,”
plunges into a description of the Source of All Being which leaves
nothing to be desired on the ground of temerity. But this last is, on
the face of it, a much later document than the history of Pistis Sophia,
and on the whole it is better to say nothing further as to the
authorship or date of the Fragment.
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