Also where Wick as a termination is not the Scandinavian Wic or Bay, and
so a coastal name, it comes from the Latin Vicus, a row of houses, and
is the Saxonised form. Thus our West Wickham, Wickhambreux, Sheldwich,
and so forth, record how the Saxons adopted but changed the name given
by the Romans. McClure suggests that Faversham (Fefres-ham in 811,
Febresham in 858, and Faversham in Domesday) may be a survival of the
Latin Faber, smith, in the most Latinized part of Kent, and on their
chief road. The first part of the word is plainly a genitive case, and
there seems to be no similar Saxon designation.
On the Continent, as well as in England, the name Ventum, or Venta, is
the Latin for a market or sale place. Venta Silurum, for example, has
now as its neighbour Chepstow, _i.e._, Ceapstow, the Market. Having
lived for eight years as a boy in Wincheap, outside the walls of
Canterbury, it occurs to me that Win may be Ven from Ventum, while cheap
gives the Saxon synonym. Its earlier forms are Wencheape, Wyndcheps, and
Wincheapfield. Of course, it looks like winemarket, but would the Romans
have had one? And, if so, would it not have been within the walls? On
the other hand, vineyards—probably first started by the Romans—were not
uncommon much later in Kent, several near Maidstone, and one’s
estimation of the pleasantness of wine from outdoor grapes is increased
by finding in old charters that in some cases tenants were bound to
bring to an abbot or a lord of the manor “a bushel of blakenberis.” This
would sweeten and colour the English port!
Few, indeed, are the verbal relics of the Romans, though they were here
for 400 years. While the earlier Celts have bequeathed to us many words
and names, but few works, the Romans left us few words but some mighty
works.
Teutonic (Jutish) Names in Kent.
The Romans who had conquered, ruled, and exploited our land for four
centuries, departed in A.D. 411, owing to the dire necessity of
defending their own land against the Goths from Northern Europe. Already
here they had been attacked and pressed southwards by the Picts of the
Highlands, aided by the Scots of Ireland. To avoid Pictish conquest the
Britons offered land and pay to the English, who up to then had been
aiding the Picts.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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