Plague: Its Cause and the Manner of its Extension, Its Menace, Its Control and Suppression, Its Diagnosis and TreatmentJackson, Thomas Wright
History
Plague: Its Cause and the Manner of its Extension, Its Menace, Its Control and Suppression, Its Diagnosis and Treatment
Jackson, Thomas Wright
Plague; Rats as carriers of disease
_Lungs._--The alveoli were filled with homogeneous masses,
containing but few degenerated epithelial cells and
leucocytes. The blood-vessels were dilated, particularly in
the subpleural part of the organ. In some places capillary
mycotic emboli with subsequent hemorrhage were encountered.
The large blood-vessels and bronchi were normal.
_Salivary Glands._--Those glands attached to the primary bubo
showed the normal structure of a combined mucous and serous
gland.
_Liver._--There was considerable congestion. The centres of
the acini showed parenchymatous and fatty degeneration. The
cells on the periphery of the acini exhibited typical fatty
infiltration. The large blood-vessels and small ducts were
without change.
_Kidney._--The cells of the kidney showed various degrees of
degeneration, ranging from parenchymatous to fatty
infiltration. There were a few capillary hemorrhages and
hyaline casts present.
_Suprarenals._--These showed slight degeneration.
_Spleen._--This organ showed congestion, a few hemorrhages,
and bacterial emboli; otherwise normal.
The bacteriological examination of the material from this cat
gave the following results:
1. _Smears:_
_a._ From the buboes showed degenerated leucocytes, many
lymphocytes, and numerous bacteria, some of which resembled
_Bacillus pestis_ in their polar staining.
_b._ From the spleen showed numerous plague-like,
polar-stained bacilli. Round involution forms were present.
2. _Cultures:_
_a._ From the buboes were badly contaminated with _Bacillus
coli_ and _Bacillus pyocyaneus_ colonies.
_b._ From the spleen: A few scattered colonies of _Bacillus
pyocyaneus_ developed on the surface of the agar. Between the
large colonies a scanty growth of dewy appearance was
noticed. Smears made from this growth revealed plague-like
bacilli of the cultural type, showing a few club-shaped
involution forms. Subcultures were made in order to secure
pure culture. They showed a pure growth of _Bacillus pestis_
as indicated by the morphology of bacilli and shape of the
colonies. Agglutination with plague-immune serum was
positive.
3. _Inoculation experiments (vaccination method):_
_a._ One guinea-pig was inoculated with the material from the
left bubo, another one with material from the right bubo.
They died of plague on the third and fifth days,
respectively.
_b._ One guinea-pig was inoculated with the material from the
spleen. It died of plague on the third day.
_c._ One guinea-pig was inoculated with material from the
nostrils obtained by swab. The animal survived, showing no
indication of plague.
_d._ One guinea-pig was inoculated with material from the
rectum obtained by swab. It died of plague on the fifth day.
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