=Poppies= (_Papaver_ sp.). Poisoning by the two common poppies (_P. Rhoeas_ L. and _P. dubium_ L.) is not common, but Cornevin says that the former is poisonous in all its parts, and sufficiently so to cause accidents every year. Animals may be affected by eating the plant when mixed with green fodder, or by ingesting the seeds and capsules with waste material after the winnowing and grading of cereals. Stock, however, will most likely reject the plants, owing to their unpleasant odour and taste, but cattle have been poisoned by eating unripe heads of _P. Rhoeas_ when the plant was mixed with clover and sainfoin. _P. dubium_ has caused poisoning of horses, cattle and pigs. _Toxic Principle._ Both species contain the alkaloids _Morphine_ (C_{17}H_{19}NO_{3}) and _Rheadine_ (C_{21}H_{21}NO_{6}), which are present in the milky juice of the plant. The latter, which was isolated by Hesse, is believed to have no narcotic effects. The toxic principle is not destroyed by heating, and the plant is therefore poisonous both in the green state and when dried in hay. _Symptoms._ It is remarked by Cornevin that cattle poisoned by _P. Rhoeas_ at first exhibit symptoms of excitement, shown by continual movement, by pawing of the soil or litter, increased respiration and more rapid pulse; this is followed by stoppage of the digestive functions, sometimes a little swelling of the eyelids, and coma, one affected animal appearing to sleep while standing, remaining motionless, and if forced to move walking in an unsteady manner. Finally, the animal falls, and if a fatal result is likely (which is unusual) it remains stretched on the ground; respiration becomes slower, the temperature falls, and after a few convulsive movements death occurs owing to asphyxia. Müller notes excitement, wildness of look, dilatation of pupil, convulsions; then coma, loss of sensation and symptoms of depression replace those of excitement. There is salivation, bloating, constipation, and in many cases also bloody diarrhoea. Death, however, is rare. Pott gives stupidity, retention of urine, colic, with sickness and diarrhœa, convulsions, and epileptic symptoms, the animals falling over and rolling. REFERENCES. 4, 16, 63, 128, 190, 205, 213, 262. =Greater Celandine= (_Chelidonium majus_ L.). This common plant exhales an unpleasant odour, and when bruised or broken shows the presence of a yellowish acrid juice, which becomes red immediately on exposure to the air. It is an old medicinal drug plant, but is dangerous, being emetic and purgative, with a strongly irritating effect on the digestive tract. Animals are but rarely likely to take it, and no record of the death of domesticated animals has been found.