_Toxic Principle._ A very full account of Lupine poisoning is given by Pott, and from this a brief summary may be made. Siewert and Wildt (1879) found two substances very like the alkaloids of _Conium maculatum_—one like Coniine and the other like Conhydrine, the former only being proved to be very poisonous. Baumert states that in _L. luteus_ there are only two bitter alkaloids, _Lupinine_ (C_{10}H_{19}ON) and _Lupinidine_ = _Sparteine_ (C_{15}H_{26}N_{2}). Many investigators (_e.g._ Kühn at Halle) held that lupinosis was not identified with the presence of lupine alkaloids. Then, in 1883, Arnold and Schneidemühl caused the disease (lupinosis) in sheep with lupines freed from all alkaloids, and they isolated from the seeds a substance they named _Lupinotoxin_, which they found to be poisonous. The nature of the poison cannot yet be said to be fully understood. The Lupine does not always appear to be poisonous—only under certain conditions which are not too well defined. One farmer had Lupines on the same soil for twelve years without ill effects when fed to sheep, and then of 450 sheep 120 were severely ill, and 80 died; they had had unthrashed Lupine, not quite ripe, to the extent of one-fourth of the ration. It is held to be definitely established that the presence of this poison is due in turn to the presence of a saprophytic fungus; when the fungus is absent or only present in small quantity the lupine is not at all or only slightly poisonous. _Symptoms._ The disease is either acute or chronic according to the amount of poison ingested. Most writers describe the disease in sheep, but symptoms given vary somewhat. In the acute form sheep become ill suddenly. There is loss of appetite, dyspnœa, intense fever, hæmaturia, circulatory and digestive troubles, grinding of teeth and trembling, which may pass into spasmodic contractions. Vertigo is sometimes present. Jaundice then appears and is evidenced by the yellow colour of the mucous membranes. Tumefaction of the eyelids, lips and ears is common, but not invariably present. Micturition is frequent, but not abundant, and the urine contains albumen; the excrements are few and dry. There is collapse, and loss of condition progresses rapidly, death occurring on the fourth to the sixth day after the commencement of the illness. In the chronic form the interstitial hepatitis predominates. Tumefaction of the head may also appear as in the acute form. Digestive troubles indicate chronic gastro-enteritis. This condition lasts for from 15 to 20 days, during which the cephalic œdemæ are eliminated by gangrene and the animals remain listless and without appetite. The illness in sheep is grave, and affected animals are rarely completely cured. The mortality in other species does not seem to be less than in sheep. (Cornevin.)