=Duberwitsky Method.=—The flap at its root resembles that of Labat, but at its superior border it formed an oval with an elongated point running into the hair line, which he divided, as shown in Fig. 326, to form the subseptum and nasal wings. At the root the pedicle was about half an inch wide made in the oblique. The middle section of the superior pointlike projection and intended for the subseptum was folded upon itself or doubled, as it were, to give support to the nasal point. The same was done with the alar or lateral sections, so as to line the nares with epitheliar surface to prevent contraction. The lower part of the nose was fixed into position by a harelip pin inserted transversely after all parts of the flap had been sutured into place. [Illustration: FIG. 326.—DUBERWITSKY METHOD.] =Dieffenbach Method.=—The flap is cut very much like that advised by Lisfranc, being wider only at its upper extremity, as shown in Fig. 327. He advocates removing the remains of the old nose, almost circumscribing the nose, as shown in the illustration, except for the deep linear incision at the base of the nose on a level with the oval fissure, leaving a bridge of skin at either angle into which the square or septal part of the superior frontal flap is affixed. The flap is made so that the right oblique line lies an inch above that of the left, the latter incision running into the angle formed at the root of the old nose caused by the ablation. [Illustration: FIG. 327.—DIEFFENBACH METHOD.] =Von Ammon Method.=—The flap is cut at its superior border, similar to that of Keegan, but made in the perpendicular; the point of beginning, at the end of the right eyebrow, lies about an inch above the end of the incision of the opposite side, but in line with it (Fig. 328). The same method of removing the remains of the old nose advocated by Dieffenbach is followed as well as the lobial incision to receive the septal section. The shape of this flap permits of bringing the secondary wound on the forehead more readily than where square exsections are resorted to. [Illustration: FIG. 328.—VON AMMON METHOD.] =Auvert Method.=—Like the method of Keegan, the frontal flap is made at an angle of forty-five degrees instead of the perpendicular, the flap being cut to the left of the median line. Its outline is shown in Fig. 329, and differs little at its superior extremity from that of Labat, except that it is made longer and narrower. The left lateral incision runs into the superior border of the old nose at the median line. [Illustration: FIG. 329.—AUVERT METHOD.] =Von Langenbeck Method.=—The flap is fashioned like that of Duberwitsky, but the left lateral incision enters the remains of the old nose, as Dieffenbach advised. The superior border was shaped, as shown in Fig. 330, to form the alæ and columna. [Illustration: FIG. 330.—VON LANGENBECK METHOD.]