=Petrali Method.=—The shape of the flap is cut in ovate form with its rounded base near the hair line of the forehead. Petrali likens it to the form of the mulberry leaf. The left lateral incision dips down into the median line of the old deformity at its upper border. The flap, after having been cut free, is folded upon itself along the median line, bringing the raw surfaces together along the dorsum of the new nose, thus giving body to the whole anterior nasal line. Presumably he introduces several sutures through the side of the flap to facilitate union along this line. The method is illustrated in Figs. 331 and 332. [Illustration: FIG. 331. FIG. 332. PETRALI METHOD.] =Forque Method.=—Herein the right lateral incision of the frontal flap is begun at a point above and corresponding to the middle of the eyebrow. The base is fashioned as shown in Fig. 333, and the left lateral incision is carried down to the median line of the old nasal defect, coming within the inner border of the eyebrow. [Illustration: FIG. 333.—FORQUE METHOD.] =D’Alguie Method.=—This author conceived the idea of further relieving the torsion of the pedicle by making the frontal flap transverse along the forehead, instead of perpendicular. The incision at the root of the nose is on a level and in line with the inner ends of the eyebrows. The left lateral incision is made to lie just above the eyebrow and the right sweeps upward and outward, as shown in Fig. 334. The base is made with a rectangular projection to form the columna. [Illustration: FIG. 334.—D’ALGUIE METHOD.] =Landreau Method.=—The direction of the frontal flap is transverse, but the root of pedicle, instead of having a downward direction, is so cut as to have its attachment upward, as shown in Fig. 335. This position of the pedicle thus overcomes to a great extent the torsion at this point. The flap must be cut somewhat longer in its transverse axis to allow for the higher position of the pedicle on the forehead. The distal end of the flap is trident-shaped, as shown. [Illustration: FIG. 335.—LANDREAU METHOD.] =Langenbeck Method.=—The flap is cut on an oblique line along its left border, running the incision down and across the root of the nose to the right while the right incision begins just under the eyebrow and extends less obliquely upward, as shown in Fig. 336. The base of the pedicle is fashioned as shown. The bordering remains of the old nose are removed. [Illustration: FIG. 336.—VON LANGENBECK METHOD.] In another operation by the same operator the right incision was begun at a point above the eyebrow and carried transversely along to the rising point of the lateral. The left lateral incision was so made that it left an area of skin over the root of the nose, as shown in Fig. 337, which he dissected away, giving that part of the flap to cover it an opportunity to adhere, at the same time furnishing a nourishing area for its future life. [Illustration: FIG. 337.—VON LANGENBECK METHOD.]