If the patient is induced to vomit, he should immediately be turned on his side to prevent the indrawing of the ejected matter into the lungs. After it has ceased, thoroughly wipe out the mouth with a long-handled sponge. The anesthetic must now be crowded slightly to overcome the irritation of the mucous membrane of the stomach. Often during the early stage of anesthesia the patient stops breathing, which must be overcome by slapping the chest or by two or three forceful downward movements on the epigastrium. If the face of the patient takes on a sudden change of color or breathes heavily the anesthetic should be withdrawn for a few moments, until the symptoms abate. If the mucus collects about the glottis it is liable to cause respiratory difficulty and must be swabbed out. If the inversion of the patient does not relieve syncope and the methods already mentioned fail to relieve, injections of normal salt solution into the median basilic vein must be employed as a last means. ETHER (_Jackson, Morton._) Sulphuric ether is used in the pure form, free from alcohol and water. It should be a colorless, volatile, mobile, and highly inflammable liquid, having a peculiar penetrating odor. As its vapor is much heavier than air, and owing to its combustible nature, lights about the room should always be placed above the patient. Often its vapor is ignited by the careless use of the electro-cautery. Ether for anesthesia should not affect blue litmus. It should not give a blue color to ignited copper sulphate—the test for the presence of water. Alcohol is indicated when it turns red by adding fuchsin. Ether is less toxic than chloroform, therefore it requires a greater quantity to induce narcosis. If properly administered it is by far safer than chloroform, Ollier, of Lyons, reporting only one fatality directly due to its employment in four thousand patients. If the anesthetic is crowded cyanosis with jugular pulsation is noted—the signs of inefficient oxygen and cardiac distention. In most recorded cases of death there were complications of a nephritic pulmonary nature. Ether should not be used where there is bronchitis, gastritis, or peritonitis, owing to its irritant effect on mucous membranes, nor in nephritis, aneurysm, or advanced atheroma. The movements of the diaphragm must be constantly watched as it is the first to become paralyzed when anesthesia is carried too far. The same care must be observed with the pupil for cerebral and the pulse for cardiac signs. Before giving this anesthetic the same preparations as for chloroform narcosis should be observed. The stomach should be empty, the nose and mouth smeared with vaselin, and the eyes protected with a towel.