Proper manner of teaching philosophy--Not to begin at a very early age _ib._ If the multitude could once see a real, perfect, philosopher, they could not fail to love him: but this never happens 61 Course of training in the Platonic city, for imparting philosophy to the Rulers. They must be taught to ascend to the Idea of Good. But what is Good? _ib._ Ancient disputes upon this point, though every one yearns after Good. Some say Intelligence; some say Pleasure. Neither is satisfactory 62 Adeimantus asks what Sokrates says. Sokrates says that he can not answer: but he compares it by a metaphor to the Sun 63 The Idea of Good rules the ideal or intelligible world, as the Sun rules the sensible or visible world 64 To the intelligible world there are applicable two distinct modes of procedure--the Geometrical--the Dialectic. Geometrical procedure assumes diagrams 65 Dialectic procedure assumes nothing. It departs from the highest Form, and steps gradually down to the lowest, without meddling with any thing except Forms 66 Two distinct grades of Cognition--Direct or Superior--Nous--Indirect or Inferior--Dianoia _ib._ Two distinct grades of Opinion also in the Sensible World--Faith or Belief--Conjecture 67 Distinction between the philosopher and the unphilosophical public, illustrated by the simile of the Cave, and the captives imprisoned therein _ib._ Daylight of philosophy contrasted with the firelight and shadows of the Cave 69 Purpose of a philosophical training, to turn a man round from facing the bad light of the Cave to face the daylight of philosophy, and to see the eternal Forms _ib._ Those who have emerged from the Cave into full daylight amidst eternal Forms, must be forced to come down again and undertake active duties--Their reluctance to do this 70 Studies serving as introduction to philosophy--Arithmetic, its awakening power--shock to the mind by felt contradiction _ib._ Perplexity arising from the One and Many, stimulates the mind to an intellectual effort for clearing it up 72 Geometry conducts the mind to wards Universal Ens _ib._ Astronomy--how useful--not useful as now taught--must be studied by ideal figures, not by observation 73 Acoustics, in like manner--The student will be thus conducted to the highest of all studies--Dialectic: and to the region of pure intelligible Forms 74 Question by Glaukon--What is the Dialectic Power? Sokrates declares that he cannot answer with certainty, and that Glaukon could not follow him if he did 75 He answers partially--It is the consummation of all the sciences, raising the student to the contemplation of pure Forms, and especially to that of the highest Form--_Good_ _ib._ The Synoptic view peculiar to the Dialectician 76 Scale and duration of various studies for the Guardians, from youth upwards _ib._ All these studies, and this education, are common to females as well as males 77