[Footnote 106: Plato, Republic, iv. p. 439 A-B.] [Side-note: Reason, Energy, Appetite, in the individual--analogous to Rulers, Guardians, Craftsmen in the city. Reason is to rule Appetite. Energy assists Reason in ruling it.] Here then we have two distinct species, forms, or kinds, existing in the mind.[107] Besides these two, however, there is a third, distinct from both: Energy, Passion, Courage, which neither belongs to Appetite nor to individual Reason. Each of these three acts apart from, and sometimes in contrariety to, each of the others.[108] There are thus three distinct elements or varieties of mind in the individual--Reason, Energy, Appetite: corresponding to the three constituent portions of the city--The Chiefs or Rulers--The Guardians or Soldiers--The Craftsmen, or the remaining Community.[109] The Wisdom of the city resides in its Elders: that of the individual in his Reason. The Courage of the city resides in its Guardians or Soldiers: that of the individual in his Energy. But in the city as well as in the individual, it is the right and privilege of the rational element to exercise command, because it alone looks to the welfare and advantage of the whole compound:[110] it is the duty of the two other elements--the energetic and the appetitive--to obey. It is moreover the special function of the Guardians in the city to second the Chiefs in enforcing obedience upon the Craftsmen: so also in the individual, it is the special function of Energy or Courage to second Reason in controuling Appetite. [Footnote 107: Plato, Republic, iv. p. 439 E. [Greek: Tau=ta me\n toi/nun du/o ê(mi=n ô(ri/sthô ei)/dê e)n psuchê=| e)no/nta], &c.] [Footnote 108: Plato, Republic, iv. pp. 440-441.] [Footnote 109: Plato, Republic, iv. pp. 441 C. [Greek: ta\ au)ta\ me\n e)n po/lei, ta\ au)ta\ d' e)n e(no\s e(ka/stou tê=| psuchê=| ge/nê e)nei=nai, kai\ i)/sa to\n a)rithmo/n.] 443 D: [Greek: ta\ e)n tê=| psuchê=| ge/nê], &c.] [Footnote 110: Plato, Republic, iv. pp. 441 E, 442 C. [Greek: tô=| me\n logistikô=| a)/rchein prosê/kei, sophô=| o)/nti kai\ e)/chonti tê\n u(pe\r a(pa/sês tê=s psuchê=s promê/theian . . . . Sopho\n de/ ge (e(/na e(/kaston kalou=men) e)kei/nô| tô=| smikrô=| me/rei, tô=| o(\ ê)=rche/ t' e)n au)tô=| kai\ tau=ta parê/ggellen, e)/chon au)= ka)kei=no e)pistê/mên e)n au(tô=| tê\n tou= xumphe/rontos e(ka/stô| te kai\ o(/lô| tô=| koinô=| sphô=n au)tô=n triô=n o)/ntôn.]] [Side-note: A man is just when these different parts of his mind exercise their appropriate functions without hindrance.]