Plutarch on the Delay of the Divine JusticePlutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch on the Delay of the Divine Justice
Plutarch
Punishment -- Early works to 1800
Yes, said I, inasmuch as you yourselves admit it, or rather did admit
it; for the argument from the very beginning proceeded from the
supposition that God deals with men according to their merits.
OLYMPICUS replied,—Do you think that it follows from God’s
dealing with us according to our merits, that souls are either
absolutely incorruptible, or destined at least to continue in being
for a certain period after death?[48:1]
I replied,—No, my good friend. God, forsooth, is so petty and so
trifling,[48:2] that—as if we had nothing of the divine in us, nor
anything closely resembling him, and stable and firm, but were,
as Homer says, mere leaves, like those that wither and perish
altogether—he makes such account of us as the women do of their gardens
of Adonis,[48:3] which they tend and cultivate in earthen pots,—souls
lasting for a day, blooming in a frail flesh that has no strong root
of life, then at once extinguished by any casualty that may chance to
occur. But if you choose, making no mention of other gods, look at this
one of ours here, and say whether you suppose that he, knowing that
the souls of the dying are instantly destroyed when they are exhaled
from their bodies, like clouds or smoke-wreaths, should demand so many
propitiations for those who die, and such tokens of great reverence and
honor for the dead, thus deceiving and deluding those who believe in
him. I therefore would not deny the continued existence of the soul,
unless some one, like Hercules, should carry off the tripod of the
Pythian priestess, and abolish and destroy the oracle. For while even
down to our own time many such things are foretold by the oracle as are
said to have been announced to Corax of Naxos,[49:1] it is unholy to
deem the soul capable of dying.
Then PATROCLEAS said,—What was that prediction, and who was
that Corax? Both the story and the name are unfamiliar to me.
By no means, said I; but I was to blame in using a by-name instead
of the real name. For he who killed Archilochus in battle was named
Calondas, as they say, and had Corax for a surname. He, having been
first driven out of the temple by the Pythian priestess because he had
killed a man sacred to the Muses, then employing prayers and entreaties
with a statement of the case in his own justification, was ordered to
go to the residence of Tettix,[50:1] in order to propitiate the soul of
Archilochus. This place was Taenarus;[50:2] for there it is said that
Tettix the Cretan arrived with a fleet, built a city, and established
himself hard by the oracle of the dead. In like manner, the Spartans
were ordered by the oracle to propitiate the soul of Pausanias, and
they sent for necromancers from Italy, who by their sacrifices drove
the apparition of Pausanias from the temple.[50:3]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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