Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
7. They therefore assign not only a treacherous and unsure ground of
their pleasurable living, but also one in all respects despicable and
little, if the escaping of evils be the matter of their complacence
and last good. But now they tell us, nothing else can be so much as
imagined, and nature hath no other place to bestow her good in but only
that out of which her evil hath been driven; as Metrodorus speaks in
his book against the Sophists. So that this single thing, to escape
evil, he says, is the supreme good; for there is no room to lodge this
good in where nothing of what is painful and afflicting goes out.
Like unto this is that of Epicurus, where he saith: The very essence
of good arises from the escaping of bad, and a man’s recollecting,
considering, and rejoicing within himself that this hath befallen him.
For what occasions transcending joy (he saith) is some great impending
evil escaped; and in this lies the very nature and essence of good, if
a man attain unto it aright, and contain himself when he hath done,
and not ramble and prate idly about it. Oh the rare satisfaction and
felicity these men enjoy, that can thus rejoice for having undergone no
evil and endured neither sorrow nor pain! Have they not reason, think
you, to value themselves for such things as these, and to talk as they
are wont when they style themselves immortals and equals to Gods?—and
when, through the excessiveness and transcendency of the blessed things
they enjoy, they rave even to the degree of whooping and hollowing for
very satisfaction that, to the shame of all mortals, they have been the
only men that could find out this celestial and divine good that lies
in an exemption from all evil? So that their beatitude differs little
from that of swine and sheep, while they place it in a mere tolerable
and contented state, either of the body, or of the mind upon the body’s
account. For even the wiser and more ingenious sort of brutes do not
esteem escaping of evil their last end; but when they have taken their
repast, they are disposed next by fulness to singing, and they divert
themselves with swimming and flying; and their gayety and sprightliness
prompt them to entertain themselves with attempting to counterfeit all
sorts of voices and notes; and then they make their caresses to one
another, by skipping and dancing one towards another; nature inciting
them, after they have escaped evil, to look after some good, or rather
to shake off what they find uneasy and disagreeing, as an impediment to
their pursuit of something better and more congenial.
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