Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
_Solution._ Is this the reason, that they adored it as being
related and akin to unquenchable and eternal fire? Or is it a
significant ceremony, teaching us that we are not to kill and destroy
any animated creature that is harmless, fire being as it were an
animal? For it both needs nourishment and moves itself, and when it is
extinguished it makes a noise as if it were then slain? Or doth this
usage instruct us that we ought not to make waste of fire or water,
or any other necessary thing that we have a super-abundance of, but
suffer those that have need to use them, leaving them to others when we
ourselves have no further use for them?
_Question 76._ Why do they that would be preferred before others
in gentility wear little moons on their shoes?
_Solution._ Is this the reason (as Castor saith), that this is
a symbol of the place of habitation that is said to be in the moon,
signifying that after death souls should have the moon under their
feet again? Or was this a fashion of renown among families of greatest
antiquity, as were the Arcadians of Evander’s posterity, that were
called men born before the moon (προσέληνοι)? Or is this, like many
other customs, to put men who are lofty and high-minded in mind of the
mutability of human affairs to either side, setting the moon before
them as an example,
When first she comes from dark to light,
Trimming, her face becomes fair bright,
Increasing, till she’s full in sight;
Declining then, leaves nought but night?[162]
Or was this for a doctrine of obedience to authority,—that they would
have us not discontented under it; but, as the moon doth willingly obey
her superior and conform unto him, always vamping after the rays of the
sun (as Parmenides hath it), so they that are subjects to any prince
should be contented with their lower station, in the enjoyment of power
and dignity derived from him?
_Question 77._ Why are they of an opinion that the year is
Jupiter’s, but the months Juno’s?
_Solution._ Is it because Jupiter and Juno reign over the
invisible Gods, who are no otherwise seen but by the eyes of our
understanding, but the Sun and Moon over the visible? And the Sun
verily causeth the year, and the Moon the months. Neither ought we to
think that they are bare images of them, but the Sun is Jupiter himself
materially, and the Moon Juno herself materially. Therefore they name
her Juno (_a juvenescendo_, the name signifying a thing that is
new or grows young) from the nature of the Moon; and they call her
Lucina (as it were _bright_ or _shining_), and they are of
opinion that she helps women in their travail-pains. Whence is that of
the poets:
By azure heaven beset with stars,
By th’ moon that hastens births;
for they suppose that women have the easiest travail at the full of the
moon.
_Question 78._ What is the reason that a bird called
_sinister_ in soothsaying is fortunate?
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