Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
_Question 102._ Why do they name boys when they are nine days old,
and girls when they are eight?
_Solution._ Perhaps it’s a natural reason, that girls are
forwarder, for the female grows up and comes to full stature and
perfection before the male. But they take the day after the seventh,
because the seventh is dangerous to infants by reason of the
navel-string; for with many it falls off at seven days, and until it
falls off, an infant is more like a plant than an animal. Or is it,
as the Pythagoreans reckon, that the even number is the feminine,
and the odd number the masculine? For it is a fruitful number, and
excels the even in respect of its composition. And if these numbers be
divided into units, the even, like a female, hath an empty space in
the middle; the odd number always leaves a segment full in the middle,
wherefore this is fit to be compared to the male, that to the female.
Or is it thus, that of all numbers nine is the first square number made
of three, which is an odd and perfect number, but eight is the first
cube made of two, an even number; whence a male ought to be square,
superexcelling, and complete; but a woman, like a cube, constant, a
good housewife, and no gadding gossip? This also may be added that,
as eight is a cube from the root two, and nine a square from the root
three, so the female makes use of two names, and the males of three.
_Question 103._ Why do they call those whose fathers are not known
_Spurius_?
_Solution._ It is not verily—as the Grecians suppose and as the
rhetoricians say in their determinations—because they are begot of some
promiscuous and common seed (as the Greeks say σπόρος). But Spurius is
found among first names, as Sextus, Decimus, Caius. But the Romans do
not write all the letters of the first name; but either one letter, as
T. for Titus, L. for Lucius, M. for Marcus; or two letters, as Ti. for
Tiberius, Cn. for Cnaeus; or three, as Sex. for Sextus, and Ser. for
Servius. Now Spurius is of those that are written with two letters,
Sp. But with these same letters they write _without father_, S.
for _sine_, and P. for _patre_, which truly hath caused the
mistake. Moreover, we may meet with another reason, but it is more
absurd. They say, that the Sabines called the privities of a woman
_spurius_; and therefore they call him so, by way of reproach, who
is born of a woman unmarried and unespoused.
_Question 104._ Why did they call Bacchus Liber Pater?
_Solution._ Was the reason because they make him, as it were,
the father of liberty to tipplers? For most men become very audacious
and are filled with too much licentious prattle, by reason of too
much drink. Or is this it, that he hath supplied them with a libamen,
a drink-offering? Or is it, as Alexander hath said, that Bacchus is
called Eleutherius from his having his abode about Eleutherae, a city
of Boeotia?
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