Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
_Solution._ The country of Megaris was anciently settled in
villages, the inhabitants being divided into five parts; and they
were called Heraenians, Piraenians, Megarians, Cynosurians, and
Tripodiscaeans. These the Corinthians drew into a civil war, for they
always contrived to bring the Megarians into their power. Yet they
waged war with much moderation and neighborly designs; for no man did
at all injure the husbandman, and there was a stated ransom determined
for all that were taken captives. And this they received after the
release of the prisoner, and not before; but he that took the captive
prisoner brought him home, gave him entertainment, and then gave him
liberty to depart to his own house. Wherefore he that brought in the
price of his ransom was applauded, and remained the friend of him that
received it, and was called _doryxenus_, from his being a captive
by the spear; but he that dealt fraudulently was reputed an unjust and
unfaithful person, not only by the enemy but by his fellow-citizens
also.
_Question 18._ What is παλιντοκία?
_Solution._ When the Megarians had expelled Theagenes the tyrant,
they managed the commonweal for some time with moderation. But then
(to speak with Plato), when their orators had filled out to them, even
to excess, the pure strong wine of liberty, they became altogether
corrupt, and the poor carried themselves insolently toward the richer
sort in this among other things, that they entered into their houses
and demanded that they might be feasted and sumptuously treated. But
where they prevailed not, they used violence and abusive behavior, and
at last enacted a law to enable them to fetch back from the usurers
the use-money which at any time they had paid, calling the execution
thereof _palintocia_, i.e. the returning of use-money.
_Question 19._ What is the Anthedon of which Pythia speaks,
Drink wine on th’ lees, Anthedon’s not thy home?
For Anthedon in Boeotia did not produce much wine.
_Solution._ Of old they called Calauria Irene from a woman Irene,
which they fable to be the daughter of Neptune and Melanthea, the
daughter of Alpheus. Afterwards, when the people of Anthes and Hyperes
planted there, they called the island Anthedonia and Hyperia. The
oracle, as Aristotle saith, was this:
Drink wine on th’ lees, Anthedon’s not thy home,
Nor sacred Hypera where thou drank’st pure wine.
Thus Aristotle; but Mnasigeiton saith that Anthus, who was brother to
Hypera, was lost when he was an infant, and Hypera rambling about to
find him, came at Pherae to Acastus (or Adrastus), where by chance he
found Anthus serving as a wine-drawer. There while they were feasting,
the boy bringing a cup of wine to his sister, he knew her, and said to
her softly,
Drink wine on th’ lees, Anthedon’s not thy home.
_Question 20._ What is that darkness at the oak, spoken of in
Priene?
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