Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
8. Of which the easy reconciliation of his seeming incongruities and
contradiction of himself may serve for the first proof. For indeed no
men of judgment would have objected to the most Bacchanalian sophister,
more especially to Plato, the guilt of so much inconvenience and
impudent rashness in a discourse by him so elaborately studied, as to
affirm the same nature in one place never to have been created, in
another to have been the effects of generation;—in Phaedrus to assert
the soul eternal, in Timaeus to subject it to procreation. The words
in Phaedrus need no repetition, as being familiar to nearly every one,
wherein he proves the soul to be incorruptible in regard it never had a
beginning, and to have never had a beginning because it moves itself.
But in Timaeus, “God,” saith he, “did not make the soul a junior to
the body, as now we labor to prove it to have been subsequent to the
body. For he would never have suffered the more ancient, because linked
and coupled with the younger, to have been governed by it; only we,
guided I know not how by chance and inconsiderate rashness, frame odd
kind of notions to ourselves. But God most certainly composed the soul
excelling the body both in seniority of origin and in power, to be
mistress and governess of her inferior servant.”[189] And then again
he adds, how that the soul, being turned upon herself, began the divine
beginning of an eternal and prudent life. “Now,” saith he, “the body
of heaven became visible; but the soul being invisible, nevertheless
participating of ratiocination and harmony, by the best of intelligible
and eternal beings she was made the best of things created.”[190] Here
then he determines God to be the best of sempiternal beings, the soul
to be the most excellent of temporal existences. By which apparent
distinction and antithesis he denies that the soul is eternal, and that
it never had a beginning.
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