Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 2 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
27. Now then, as voice, merely voice, is only an insignificant and
brutish noise, but speech is the expression of the mind by significant
utterance; as harmony consists of sounds and intervals,—a sound being
always one and the same, and an interval being the difference and
diversity of sounds, while both being mixed together produce air and
melody;—thus the passive nature of the soul was without limits and
unstable, but afterwards became determinate, when limits were set and a
certain form was given to the divisible and manifold variety of motion.
Thus having comprised the Same and the Other, by the similitudes and
dissimilitudes of numbers which produce concord out of disagreement, it
becomes the life of the world, sober and prudent, harmony itself, and
reason overruling necessity mixed with persuasion. This necessity is by
most men called fate or destiny, by Empedocles friendship and discord,
by Heraclitus the opposite straining harmony of the world, as of a
bow or harp, by Parmenides light and darkness, by Anaxagoras mind and
infinity, by Zoroaster God and Daemon, naming one Oromasdes, the other
Arimanius. Though as for Euripides, he makes use of the disjunctive
erroneously for the copulative, where he says,
Jove, whether he be
Necessity, that Nature’s force controls,
Or the intelligence of human souls
For, indeed, the powers which bear dominion over the universe are
necessity and wisdom. This is that therefore which the Egyptians
intimate in their fables, feigning that, when Horus was punished and
dismembered, he bequeathed his spirit and blood to his father, but his
flesh and his fat to his mother. There is no part of the soul which
remains pure and unmixed, or separate from the rest; for, according
to the opinion of Heraclitus, “harmony latent is of greater value
than that which is visible,” as being that wherein the blending Deity
concealed and sunk all varieties and dissimilitudes. Nevertheless,
there appears in the irrational part a turbulent and boisterous
temerity; in the rational part, an orderly and well-marshalled
prudence; in the sensitive part, the constraint of necessity; but in
the understanding, entire and perfect command of itself. The limiting
and bounding power sympathizes with the whole and the indivisible,
by reason of the nearness of their relations; on the other side,
the dividing power fixes itself upon particulars, by virtue of the
divisible substance; and the whole rejoices at the mutation of the Same
by means of the Other, as occasion requires. In the like manner, the
various inclinations of men to virtue and vice, to pleasure and toil,
as also the enthusiasms and raptures of lovers, the combats of honor
with lustful desires, plainly demonstrate the mixture of the divine and
impassible with the moral and corporeal part; of which Plato himself
calls the one concupiscence of pleasures, natural to ourselves; the
other an opinion introduced from without, aspiring to the chiefest
good.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
Reviews
Reviews
No reviews yet
Be the first to share your thoughts on this work.
Elsewhere in the archive
Join the Discussion
Join the discussion
Sign in to leave a comment or review.
Sign InorCreate an account