Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 3 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 3 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
some marks and images of the truth of intelligible objects appear,
but in geometry chiefly; which, according to Philo, is the chief and
principal of all, and doth bring back and turn the understanding, as
it were, purged and gently loosened from sense. And therefore Plato
himself dislikes Eudoxus, Archytas, and Menaechmus for endeavoring
to bring down the doubling the cube to mechanical operations; for by
this means all that was good in geometry would be lost and corrupted,
it falling back again to sensible things, and not rising upward and
considering immaterial and immortal images, in which God being versed
is always God.
2. After Tyndares, Florus, a companion of his, who always jocosely
pretended to be his admirer, said thus: Sir, we are obliged to you for
making your discourse not proper to yourself, but common to us all; for
you have made it possible to refute it by demonstrating that geometry
is not necessary to the Gods, but to us. Now the Deity doth not stand
in need of science, as an instrument to withdraw his intellect from
things engendered and to turn it to the real things; for these are
all in him, with him, and about him. But pray consider whether Plato,
though you do not apprehend it, doth not intimate something that is
proper and peculiar to you, mixing Lycurgus with Socrates, as much as
Dicaearchus thought he did Pythagoras. For Lycurgus, I suppose you
know, banished out of Sparta all arithmetical proportion, as being
democratical and favoring the crowd; but introduced the geometrical,
as agreeable to an oligarchy and kingly government that rules by
law; for the former gives an equal share to every one according to
number, but the other gives according to the proportion of the deserts.
It doth not huddle all things together, but in it there is a fair
discretion of good and bad, every one having what is fit for him, not
by lot or weight, but according as he is virtuous or vicious. The same
proportion, my dear Tyndares, God introduceth, which is called δίκη and
νέμεσις, and which teacheth us to account that which is just equal,
and not that which is equal just. For that equality which many affect,
being often the greatest injustice, God, as much as possible, takes
away; and useth that proportion which respects every man’s deserts,
geometrically defining it according to law and reason.
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