Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
First, said I, the superficies of the sea is all of a nature, the
current of it being uniform and continuous; but the appearance of those
black and dark spots which are seen in the face of the moon is not
continued, but has certain isthmuses or partitions clear and bright,
which divide and separate what is dark and shady. Whence every place
being distinguished and having its own limits apart, the conjunctions
of the clear with the obscure, taking a resemblance of high and low,
express and represent the similitude of a figure seeming to have eyes
and lips; so that we must of necessity suppose, either that there are
main oceans and main seas, distinguished by isthmuses and continents
of firm land, which is evidently absurd and false; or that if there
is but one, it is not credible its image should appear so distracted
and dissipated into pieces. And as for this, there is less danger in
asking than in affirming in your presence, whether, since the habitable
earth has both length and breadth, it is possible that the sight of all
men, when it is reflected by the moon, should equally touch the ocean,
even of those that sail and dwell in it, as do the Britons; especially
since the earth, as you have maintained, has but the proportion of a
point, if compared to the sphere of the moon. This therefore, said I,
it is your business to observe, but the reflection of the sight against
the moon belongs neither to you nor Hipparchus. And yet, my friend
Lamprias, there are many naturalists, who approve not this doctrine
of his touching the driving back of the sight, but affirm it to be
more probable that it has a certain obedient and agreeing temperature
and compactness of structure, than such beatings and repercussions as
Epicurus feigned for his atoms.[96] Nor am I of opinion that Clearchus
would have us suppose the moon to be a massy and weighty body, but a
celestial and light-giving star, as you say it is, which must have the
property of breaking and turning aside the sight; so that all this
reflection would come to nothing. But if we are desired to receive
and admit it, we shall ask why this face or image of the sea is to be
seen only in the body of the moon; and not in any of the other stars?
For the laws of probability require that the sight should suffer this
equally in all, or else in none.
But pray, sir, said I, casting mine eyes upon Lucius, call a little to
mind what was said at first by those of our party.
5. Nay rather, answered he,—lest we should seem too injurious to
Pharnaces, in thus passing by the opinion of the Stoics, without
opposing any thing against it,—let us make some reply to this man, who
supposes the moon to be wholly a mixture of air and mild fire, and then
says that, as in a calm there sometimes arises on a sudden a breeze of
wind which curls and ruffles the superficies of the sea, so, the air
being darkened and rendered black, there is an appearance and form of a
face.
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