Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
15. Wherefore it is also probable that the world, if it is an animal,
has in many parts of its body earth, and in as many fire and water and
air, not thrust and driven into it by force, but ordered and disposed
by reason. For neither was the eye by its lightness forced into that
part of the body where it is, nor the heart by its gravity pressed
down into the breast; but both the one and the other were thus placed
because it was better and more expedient. In like manner we ought not
to think of the parts of the world, either that the earth settled where
it is, being beaten down thither by its ponderosity; or that the sun
was carried upwards by its levity, like a bottle or bladder full of
wind (which, being plunged into the bottom of the water, immediately
rises up again), as Metrodorus of Chios was persuaded; or that the
other stars, as if they had been put into a balance, were swayed this
way or that way, according to their weight or lightness, and so mounted
higher or lower to the places they now possess. But reason having
prevailed in the constitution of the world, the stars have like to
glittering eyes, been fixed in the firmament, as it were in the face
of the universe, there to turn continually about; and the sun, having
the force and vigor of the heart, sends and distributes its heat and
light, like blood and spirits, throughout all; the earth and sea are in
the world, as the paunch and bladder in the body of a living creature;
and the moon placed between the sun and the earth, as the liver, or
some other soft entrail between the heart and the belly, transmits down
thither the heat of the superior bodies, and draws round about her the
vapors which arise from hence, subtilizing them by way of concoction
and purification. And whether its solid and terrestrial quality has
any other property serving for some profitable use, is indeed unknown
to us; but everywhere that which is better prevails over what is by
necessity. For what probability can we draw from that which they
affirm? They say, that the most subtile and luminous part of the air,
by reason of its rarity, became heaven; but what was thickened and
closely driven together was made into stars, of which the moon being
the heaviest is compacted of the grossest and muddiest matter. And yet
it is plainly to be seen, that the moon is not separated or divided
from the air, but moves and makes her revolution through that which
is about her, to wit, the region of the winds, and where the comets
are engendered and keep their course. These bodies then were not by a
natural inclination thus placed and situated as they are, but have by
some other reason been so ordered and disposed.
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