Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
contrary to this that the sun should not set, which is impossible;
but that, when the sun is set, there should be rain or not rain, both
the one and the other is possible and contingent. And then again of
things contingent, some happen oftener, others rarely and not so often,
others fall out equally or indifferently, as well the one way as the
other, even as it happens. Now it is manifest that those are contrary
to one another,—to wit, those which fall out oftener and those which
happen but seldom,—and they both for the most part depend on Nature;
but that which happens equally, as much one way as another, depends on
ourselves. For that under the Dog it should be either hot or cold, the
one oftener, the other seldomer, are both things subject to Nature; but
to walk and not to walk, and all such things of which both the one and
the other are submitted to the free will of man, are said to be in us
and our election; but rather more generally to be in us. For there are
two sorts of this “being in our power;” the one of which proceeds from
some sudden passion and motion of the mind, as from anger or pleasure;
the other from the discourse and judgment of reason, which may properly
be said to be in our election. And some reason there is to believe that
this possible and contingent is the same thing with that which is said
to be in us and according to our free will, although differently named.
For in respect to the future, it is styled possible and contingent; and
in respect of the present, it is named “in our power” and “in our free
will.” So that these things may thus be defined: The contingent is that
which is itself—as well as its contrary—possible; and “that which is in
our power” is one part of the contingent, to wit, that which now takes
place according to our will. Thus have we in a manner declared, that
the possible in the order of Nature precedes the contingent, and that
the contingent subsists before free will; as also what each of them
is, whence they are so named, and what are the qualities adjoined or
appertaining to them.
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