Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
10. I therefore do for mine own part thus understand and interpret
this sentence of Plato. There being a threefold Providence, the first,
as having engendered Fate, does in some sort comprehend it; the second,
having been engendered with Fate, is with it totally comprehended and
embraced by the first; the third, as having been engendered after Fate,
is comprehended by it in the same manner as are free will and Fortune,
as we have already said. “For they whom the assistance of a Daemon’s
power does aid in their intercourse with me” says Socrates, declaring
to Theages what is the almost inevitable ordinance of Adrastea
“are those whom you also mean; for they grow and come forward with
speed.”[118] In which words, what he says of a Daemon’s aiding some
is to be ascribed to the third Providence, and the growing and coming
forward with speed, to Fate. In brief, it is not obscure or doubtful
but that this also is a kind of Fate. And perhaps it may be found much
more probable that the second Providence is also comprehended under
Fate, and indeed all things that are done; since Fate, as a substance,
has been rightly divided by us into three parts, and the fable of the
chain comprehends the revolutions of the heavens in the number and
rank of those things which happen conditionally. But concerning these
things I will not much contend, to wit, whether they should be called
conditional, or rather conjoined with Fate, the precedent cause and
commander of Fate being also fatal.
11. Our opinion then, to speak compendiously, is such. But the contrary
sentiment does not only include all things in Fate, but affirms them
all to be done by and according to Fate. It accords indeed in all
things to the other (the Stoic) doctrine; and that which accords to
it, ’tis clear, is the same thing with it. In this discourse therefore
we have first spoken of the contingent; secondly, of “that which is
in our power;” thirdly, of Fortune and chance, and whatever depends on
them; fourthly, of praise, blame, and whatever depends on them; the
fifth and last of all may be said to be prayers to the Gods, with their
services and ceremonies.
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