Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"Plutarch
Philosophy
Plutarch's essays and miscellanies, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b Comprising all his works collected under the title of "Morals"
Plutarch
Classical literature; Essays; Ethics; Philosophy
11. How then is it, that they admit and allow Nature, soul, and living
creature? Even in the same manner as they do an oath, prayer, and
sacrifice, and the adoration of the Gods. Thus they adore by word
and mouth, only naming and feigning that which by their principles
they totally take away and abolish. If now they call that which is
born Nature, and that which is engendered generation,—as those who
ordinarily call the wood itself wood-work and the voices that accord
and sound together symphony,—whence came it into his mind to object
these words against Empedocles? “Why,” says he, “do we tire ourselves
in taking such care of ourselves, in desiring and longing after certain
things, and shunning and avoiding others? For we neither are ourselves,
nor do we live by making use of others.” But be of good cheer, my
dear little Colotes, may one perhaps say to him: there is none who
hinders you from taking care of yourself by teaching that the nature
of Colotes is nothing else but Colotes himself, or who forbids you to
make use of things (now things with you are pleasures) by showing
that there is no nature of tarts and marchpanes, of sweet odors, or of
venereal delights, but that there are tarts, marchpanes, perfumes, and
women. For neither does the grammarian who says that “the strength of
Hercules” is Hercules himself deny the being of Hercules; nor do those
who say that symphonies and roofings are but bare derivations affirm
that there are neither sounds nor timbers; since also there are some
who, taking away the soul and prudence, do not yet seem to take away
either living or being prudent.
And when Epicurus says that the nature of things consists in bodies
and their place, do we so comprehend him as if he meant that Nature
were something else than the things which are, or as if he insinuated
that it is simply the things which are, and nothing else?—as, to wit,
he is wont to call voidness itself the nature of voidness, and the
universe, by Jupiter, the nature of the universe. And if any one should
thus question him; What sayst thou, Epicurus, that this is voidness,
and that the nature of voidness? No, by Jupiter, would he answer; but
this community of names is in use by law and custom. I grant it is. Now
what has Empedocles done else, but taught that Nature is nothing else
save that which is born, and death no other thing but that which dies?
But as the poets very often, forming as it were an image, say thus in
figurative language,
Strife, tumult, noise, placed by some angry God,
Mischief, and malice there had their abode;[129]
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