largesses to the people, bestow them, but with due care, 148. If you are poor, hesitate not to confess it, and incur no expense you cannot afford, 149, 150. In case of a sedition, try to compose it, 152. Especially try to prevent seditions and commotions, 153. In the present state of Greece, subject to the will of a Roman proconsul, no good can arise from public commotions, 154. WHICH ARE THE MOST CRAFTY, WATER-ANIMALS OR THOSE CREATURES THAT BREED UPON THE LAND? BY JOHN PHILIPS, GENT. Field sports, the slaughter of wild and at length of tame animals, prepared the way for men to kill one another, 158. Have brutes a soul? they certainly have sense and imagination, 160. They learn to desire some things and to avoid others, 161. They have expectation, memory, design, hope, fear, desire, and grief, 161. If they have sense, they have understanding, 161. They have what in men is called understanding, 162. Men punish dogs and horses for their faults, as if for the purpose of producing repentance, 162. Beasts are susceptible of pleasure, joy, anger, fear, 163. But are they capable of virtue? 163. They love their offspring, 164. They may have reason, and yet not have it perfectly, or in a high degree, 164. As sight and swiftness exist in different degrees, so may reason and mental force, 165. Animals differ widely in their faculties, as in their habits, 165. Many brute animals excel men in the faculties of sight and hearing, as well as in swiftness and strength; but we may not therefore say that men are blind, &c., 166. There are mad dogs and horses; what is this but a disturbance of the reason? 167. Mankind are chargeable with great injustice in dealing with beasts as they do, 169. There is a necessary and convenient use of the brute creation, 169, 170. Beyond this, we ought not to go, 170. In the exercise of what so nearly resembles reason, do land animals excel those that live in the water? 172. There is sufficient reason to believe that they do, 173. Observe the habits of bulls, lions, and elephants, 173. Of the ichneumon, of swallows, and spiders, 174. Of bees, crows, geese, and cranes, 175. The contrivances and labors of emmets, 176, 177. The sagacity of the elephant and the fox, 178, 179. The affection of the dog for his master; some striking instances related, 180, 181. Story of a mule at Athens, 182. Another dog story, 182, 183. The elephant that carried King Porus, 183. The horse Bucephalus, 183. Where there is one virtue in a brute, there are commonly others, 183, 184. Instances of subtlety and cunning, 184-186. Elephants and lions have a taste for society, 187. Amorous propensities of some brutes towards mankind; singular instances given, 188. Starlings, magpies, and parrots learn to talk, 188, 189. Swans and nightingales sing, 189. Story of a magpie at Rome imitating the music of trumpets exactly, 190. Wonderful docility of a dog, 191.