Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verseQuayle, Thomas
History
Poetic diction: A study of eighteenth century verse
Quayle, Thomas
English language -- Diction; English poetry -- 18th century -- History and criticism
But the eighteenth century had little of this magic power of evocation;
the secret had departed with the blind Milton, and it was not till the
Romantic ascendancy had firmly established itself, not until Keats and
Shelley and their great successors, that English poetry was once more
able so to handle and fashion and rearrange words as to win from them
their total and most intense associations. Yet contemporary criticism,
especially in France, had not failed altogether to appreciate this
potential magic of words. Diderot, for instance, speaks of the magic
power that Homer and other great poets have given to many of their
words; such words are, in his phrase, “hieroglyphic paintings,” that is,
paintings not to the eye, but to the imagination.[267] What we feel about
all the so-called classical verse of the eighteenth century, as well as
of a good deal of the earlier Romantic poetry, is that writers have not
been able to devise these subtle hieroglyphics; lack of real poetical
inspiration, or the pressure of the prosaic and unimaginative atmosphere
of their times, has led to a general poverty in the words or phrases that
evoke some object before the inner eye, or charm the ear by an unheard
melody, terms that, like the magic words of Keats, or the evanescent
imagery of Shelley, stir us both emotionally and æsthetically. The
verse of Pope and his followers is not without something of this power,
but here the effect is achieved by the skill and polish with which the
words are selected and grouped within the limits of the heroic couplet.
Crabbe had marked down, accurately enough, this lack of word-power in his
description of Dryden’s verse as “poetry in which the force of expression
and accuracy of description have neither needed nor obtained assistance
from the fancy of the writer,” and again, more briefly, as “poetry
without an atmosphere.”[268] One negative indication of this “nudity”
is the comparative poverty of eighteenth century poetry in new compound
epithets, those felicitous terms which have added to the language some of
its most poetical and pictorial phrases.
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