Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeanceTreston, Hubert Joseph
History
Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance
Treston, Hubert Joseph
Criminal law (Greek law); Greece -- Civilization; Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Homicide (Greek law); Vendetta
Homer,[90] she says, does not understand the mystery of Bellerophon
and the Aleïan plain, but Apollodorus[91] reveals the fact that
Bellerophon slew his brother unwittingly and that he was purified by
Proetus. Apollodorus, she thinks, is unhistorical in speaking of the
purification of Bellerophon: in those old days, she says,[92] he could
not be purified. But as murder was a physical infection, Bellerophon
had to go to the Aleïan plain, an alluvial deposit which had recently
been recovered from the sea and which was not therefore included in the
‘earth’ which was polluted by his deed of blood. The fallacies of this
interpretation will become evident in the course of our reasoning. At
present we will merely point out (1) that there is no evidence for the
assertion that murder was a ‘physical infection’ in the Homeric age.
Everything that we have said about the Pelasgian wergeld system and the
Achaean protection of murder-exiles proves the contrary; (2) the plain
of wandering, if that is what Homer meant by Ἀλήϊον, (it may have been
a local place-name which conveyed to him no special meaning,) does not
imply an alluvial deposit of any kind, but possibly a special place which
known murderers, condemned to perpetual exile, were wont to frequent;
(3) Apollodorus may be unhistorical, in speaking of the purgation of
Bellerophon, but so is every Greek writer of the historical period who
attributed purgation to Achaean heroes, as Aeschylus, for instance,
does, to Orestes; (4) to explain the absence of references to purgation
in Homer by suggesting that the death of the murderer was the only
purgation of his crime, and to imply that Bellerophon was fleeing from
purgation when he fled from death to the Aleïan plain, is equivocal and
misleading. For a murderer was either purged or he was not purged; and if
a murderer was put to death in sacrifice, no one could logically speak of
him as ‘purged.’
F. de Coulanges seems also to connect the purgation rites for homicide
with the worship of the dead. In the primitive family group, he says,[93]
‘there were domestic morals. The shedder of blood was no longer allowed
to sacrifice or to offer libations or prayer or to offer the sacred
repast.... The hand stained with blood could no longer touch sacred
objects. To enable a man to renew his worship and to regain possession
of his god, he was required at least to purify himself by an expiatory
ceremony.’ This opinion implies that such rites were as old as the
domestic religion of the Family. The most serious objection to this
implication is that Homer has no genuine reference to any such ceremony.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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