Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeanceTreston, Hubert Joseph
History
Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance
Treston, Hubert Joseph
Criminal law (Greek law); Greece -- Civilization; Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Homicide (Greek law); Vendetta
Glotz[111] does not seem to us to have rightly interpreted this passage.
He refuses to believe that the duty of vengeance was so strict as to
compel a man to exercise it against a relative of the paternal line,
in the interest of a victim of the maternal line. Moreover, he argues
that the sons of Hercules are not the avengers of Likymnius, for, if
they were, they would not have allowed him to depart. Here, we believe,
Glotz is confusing the exile penalty of Pelasgian tribes with the
Achaean exile, which was a flight from death. They let him go, says
Glotz, because they wish to avoid a feud within the clan—‘Ils veulent
seulement que le meurtrier s’en aille, parce qu’ils entendent ne pas se
brouiller avec des alliés.’[112] We think, on the contrary, that the
case of Tlepolemus furnishes a splendid instance of the solidarity of
the clan. There was no question of wergeld—nor, we think, of slavery. It
was a question of exile or death. The brothers of Tlepolemus appear to
lead the avengers. From this we need not infer that Likymnius, an old
man, had no sons or grandsons or brothers living at the time. We have
said that a clan conflict was averted by the decision of the sons of
Hercules to join in avenging. Rather than tolerate in the clan society,
in the worship of common ancestors, the slayer of a kinsman, the brothers
of Tlepolemus would, if necessary, have killed him. It is with _death_
that they threatened him, if he remained. But his exile was not a flight
from death: he was granted a certain time in which to build himself
ships. Such delay is characteristic of Pelasgian but not of Achaean
vengeance. There would be some difficulty in interpreting the reference
to the people whom he carried with him into exile, were it stated, as
fortunately it is not, that they were his kinsmen. His companions were
hangers-on, lackland men who were content to join a powerful ‘exile’
emigrant. He founded in Rhodes a city, in typical Pelasgian fashion,[113]
dividing the folk by kinship into three tribes. It is perhaps because he
was a son of Hercules that his exile appears to be no excessive penalty
but a mere inconvenience. It is perhaps for the same reason that he was
loved by Zeus, the father of Hercules.[114]
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