Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeanceTreston, Hubert Joseph
History
Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance
Treston, Hubert Joseph
Criminal law (Greek law); Greece -- Civilization; Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Homicide (Greek law); Vendetta
Again, there is the story of Phoenix,[24] which opens up the question
of parricide. Phoenix did not kill his father, but it occurred to him
to do so, because his father cursed him with sterility, for having
had amorous relations with one of his father’s concubines. Fearing to
commit the dread deed of parricide, he decided to leave his home. His
relatives and comrades endeavoured to dissuade him, holding a feast in
his house for nine days, but on the tenth he fled. He went from Hellas to
Phthia, to King Peleus, who made him king over the Dolopians. A portion
of this passage[25] has been considered spurious by many editors, as
it is not found in any Homeric manuscript, and Aristarchus is said by
Plutarch to have omitted it, as being unsuitable to the character of
Phoenix[26]; Glotz[27] holds that the feast in question was a kind of
gathering of the clan. The father, he thinks, wished to banish the son,
but could not do so without the solemn and formal ratification of the
assembled clan. He says of Amyntor,[28] the father of Phoenix: ‘Comme
Thésée, il a maudit son fils: s’il ne le bannit pas, comme Thésée, c’est
qu’il a besoin d’obtenir le consentement du γένος.’ Now Euripides[29]
in describing the curse which Theseus pronounced against his son,
Hippolytus, whom he believed to be the real though not the actual cause
of the death of his wife Phaedra the step-mother of Hippolytus, tells
us also that Theseus commanded Hippolytus to depart from Troizen and
forbade him ever to reside at Athens.[30] This sentence was pronounced
without any consultation with the clans of tribal Attica, because
Theseus, in the legends, is erroneously presented as an autocratic ruler,
like Peisistratus, rather than as a tribal chieftain. But Amyntor was
an Achaean, and we have argued that the Achaeans did not acknowledge
or recognise clan-jurisdiction. Hence, a comparison of Amyntor with
the legendary Theseus is logically valid but does not justify Glotz’s
conclusions. Moreover, if it had been the desire of Amyntor to secure a
formal decree from the clan for the expulsion of his son, why should the
‘clan’ have guarded Phoenix as if he were a prisoner? Surely it would
have been sufficient to obtain a decree of banishment after the offender
had fled. On this point, Glotz does not seem quite clear. ‘Sans doute,’
he says, ‘tous ses parents montent la garde autour de Phoenix de peur
qu’il ne s’échappe. Mais ce n’est pas pour cela qu’ils sont venus. Ils
sont venus sur convocation.’ But we can find no suggestion, in Homer,
that the kinsmen were summoned by Amyntor to agree to a sentence of
banishment for his son. We are told quite plainly that Amyntor and his
son were exceedingly angry with each other, so much so that Phoenix
contemplated parricide, and would have killed his father had not some of
the immortals reminded him of the unpleasant reputation which the act
would bring him.[31] Owing to his father’s curse, he looked forward to a
childless old age.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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