Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeanceTreston, Hubert Joseph
History
Poine: a study in ancient Greek blood-vengeance
Treston, Hubert Joseph
Criminal law (Greek law); Greece -- Civilization; Greek drama (Tragedy) -- History and criticism; Homicide (Greek law); Vendetta
He tells us that he decided to leave his home.[32] For
an Achaean such an exile involved no serious hardship, but might, on the
contrary, have brought many advantages. His relatives came, as we think,
to entreat and restrain him.[33] They ‘imprisoned’ him, or rather they
sought to prevent his escape, in the hope that the feast would reconcile
the father and the son. Can we imagine a group of clan-kindred, with
a right of inheritance to the property of Phoenix, so very anxious to
restrain him? We fear they would rather have celebrated his departure!
But Homer makes no mention of clan-kindred. The ἔται and the ἀνεψιοί are
the ordinary ‘comrades and cousins’ of the Achaean ‘small family circle’:
the whole context supports the hypothesis of Leaf, of which Glotz is
unaware, namely that the Achaeans of Homer lived in an atmosphere which
is foreign to the clan.
The question remains: what was the consequential penalty which helped
to deter the Achaean Phoenix, who had otherwise little regard for his
father, from actually slaying him? We have seen[34] that kin-slaying,
and therefore parricide, was punished by exile in the tribal system. How
would it have been punished within the Achaean caste? We have little
Homeric evidence to guide us here. Homicide amongst the Achaeans is a
private affair which concerns a small family circle. In the _Iliad_[35]
the Trojan Akamas says that it is desirable for a man to pray that ‘some
kinsman be left in his home to avenge his fall.’ If Akamas avenges
the slaying of his brother even in war, will a son not avenge the
slaying of a father? Does not Orestes avenge the murder of his father,
Agamemnon, even when that vengeance necessitates the shedding of his
mother’s blood? Homer implies that Clytaemnestra was the murderer of
Agamemnon and also of Cassandra[36]: he also implies that she was slain
by her son Orestes.[37] Glotz[38] regards such vengeance as perfectly
normal: ‘Loin d’être impossible,’ he says, ‘la repression des crimes
commis par un parent contre un parent est plus certaine et plus sévère
que la réparation des dommages causés par une famille à une autre.
Si l’offenseur ... est parent de la victime ses auxiliaires naturels
deviennent ses ennemis. Seul, il a contre lui l’univers.’ Hence it is
probable that the ἔται and the ἀνεψιοί who were so anxious to heal the
feud between Amyntor and his son[39] would have been equally anxious to
avenge Amyntor if he had been slain by Phoenix. They would have put the
parricide to death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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