Commercial control of the petroleum industry in the _United States_ is in the hands of the so-called “Standard Oil Group” of companies, through their control of most of the great pipe-line systems of the country, of probably 75 per cent. of the refining facilities and of a substantial part of the actual production. Other domestic interests having important shares in the control of the petroleum industry in the United States include the Southern Pacific Railroad Co., Cities Service Co. (Doherty interests), General Petroleum Corporation, Gulf Oil Corporation, Ohio Cities Gas Co., Cosden & Co., Sinclair Oil & Refining Corporation, The Sun Co., the Texas Co., the Tide Water Oil Co., and the Union Oil Co. Foreign interests in the United States include purely British companies, which control a production of about 2,000,000 barrels a year; British-Dutch companies represented by the Royal Dutch-Shell Syndicate, which control a production of about 9,000,000 barrels a year, together with refining and marketing facilities; and Franco-Belgian companies controlling a yearly production of about 1,000,000 barrels. Aside from the very probable holdings by individual Germans of shares in companies engaged in one or more phases of the petroleum industry of the United States, the author is aware of no organized German interest in any phase of the domestic industry. Commercial control of the petroleum industry of _Russia_ is, under the political conditions now existing in central Europe, largely a matter of speculation. As nearly as can be ascertained, the dominant control is in the hands of purely British, Franco-British, and British-Dutch (Royal Dutch-Shell Syndicate) interests. Certain of the second-named interests are allied closely with an additional group of capitalists represented by the firm Nobel Bros., of much importance, the present control of which is by no means clear, from the literature available on the subject. Though originally Swedish, the financial interests now involved in Nobel Bros. are believed to include representatives of financial groups in England, France, and Germany as well, with control probably lying with the Anglo-Swedish interests. Before the war, direct German interest in Russian petroleum included control by the Deutsche Bank through a Belgian company (the Petrole de Grosny) of the important producing and refining company, A. I. Akverdoff & Co., control of which is now in British or British-Dutch hands. As in the United States, a considerable part of the actual production of petroleum in Russia is distributed among a large number of individually weak companies, dominated, through the control of pipe-line or refining facilities, by one or another of the principal groups.