During the war the petroleum industry of _Roumania_ was temporarily wholly in control of German and Austrian interests. The advanced stage of development of the oil fields prior to the war and the intentional damage, much of which is irreparable, wrought in the fields by British detachments in 1916, when capture of the fields by Austro-German forces became inevitable, are believed, however, to have deprived Germany of a large part of the fruits of her conquest, as it is considered doubtful if the Roumanian fields can ever again be made to yield petroleum at the pre-war rate of 12,000,000 barrels per annum. The American Petroleum Institute states that “Roumania is considering the erection of a state monopoly of both production and distribution on the ruins of the monopoly which Germany sought to establish there but was compelled by the armistice to renounce.” Prior to the war Dutch or rather British-Dutch (Dutch-Shell) interests controlled about 30 per cent. of the annual production of petroleum in Roumania, German interests about 26 per cent., United States interests (Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey) about 18 per cent., French interests about 16 per cent., purely British interests about 6 per cent., and Belgian and Roumanian interests the remainder. Through the Austrian “Society Gaz” and the German “Deutsche Erdoel Aktien-gesellschaft,” German interests have dominated the petroleum industry of _Galicia_ for years through the direct control of the larger producing and refining interests and by reason of the fact that the smaller scattered interests were dependent almost entirely on the two leading companies, the Galizische Karpathen Petroleum A. G. (controlled by Society Gaz), and the Premier Oil & Pipe Line Co. (controlled by the Deutsche Erdoel A. G., which is in turn controlled by the Diskonto und Bleichroeder, a branch of the Deutche Bank) for their transportation and refining facilities. British and Dutch capital were involved in the Galician fields prior to the war, but not, it is believed, to a controlling extent in either of the dominant companies. The petroleum industry of _Japan_ is controlled wholly by Japanese interests and to a preponderant extent by a single company, the Nippon Oil Co. So far as the author is aware, no foreign interests share in any way in the development or control of the Japanese petroleum industry. Commercial control of the petroleum industry of _Peru_ is exercised by the Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey through its subsidiary, the Imperial Oil Co. of Canada. This control involves about 70 per cent. of the annual production, the remaining 30 per cent. being divided in the ratio of 27 to 3 between British and Italian interests respectively. So far as is known no other interests are involved.