------------------------------------------+----------+--------------- |Ownership,| 1917 capacity Works | group-- | (pounds) ------------------------------------------+----------+--------------- Baltimore Copper Smelting & Rolling Co. | 1 and 2 | 720,000,000 Nichols Copper Co. Independent and in part| 4 | 500,000,000 Raritan Copper Works | 3 | 460,000,000 American Smelting & Refining Co. | 1 and 2 | 288,000,000 United States Metals Refining Co. | 8 | 250,000,000 Tacoma Smelting Co. | 1 and 2 | 204,000,000 Anaconda Copper Mining Co. (new plant) | 3 | 180,000,000 Calumet & Hecla Mining Co. | 5 | 65,000,000 Anaconda Copper Mining Co. (old plant) | 3 | 65,000,000 Balbach Smelting & Refining Co.[114] | | (former German affiliations) | ... | 48,000,000 | +--------------- Total capacity | | 2,780,000,000 | | | |1917 production | | (pounds) Electrolytic copper | ... | 1,452,744,593 Secondary electrolytic copper | ... | 66,337,771 Imported copper made into electrolytic | ... | 555,000,000 | +--------------- Total 1917 refinery production | ... | 2,074,082,364 ------------------------------------------+----------+--------------- [114] This company treats copper scrap and imported copper ores and matte. The refineries control the situation to a very considerable extent. A copper producer must obtain electrolytic refining in order to market his product. Lake copper and casting copper do not require electrolytic refining, although producers of casting are often at a disadvantage when there is a big premium on electrolytic copper and casting can only be sold at a large discount. The smelters do not control the situation in the same way. In the United States are a large number of custom smelters--32--that actively compete for ores; some have many branches. Moreover, a mine of any size will have its own smelter, as the capital investment is far less than that required for an electrolytic refinery. As the table shows, there are only seven groups (the six above enumerated and the Balbach Smelting & Refining Co.) interested in electrolytic refining, and one of these (the smallest) is to a considerable degree interested in the treatment of secondary or scrap copper.