[Illustration: Fig. 195.--Bronze lamps with ornamental covers attached to a chain.] The hanging lamps were sometimes made with a single nozzle, as the curious one having the shape of a mask shown in Fig. 197, at the left; sometimes with two nozzles (Fig. 193). Bronze hanging lamps with three arms, each of which contained a place for a wick, are occasionally found; an example is given in Fig. 197, at the right. Still more elaborate are those with a large number of nozzles, as the one represented in the same illustration, which had nine wicks. [Illustration: Fig. 196.--Bronze lamps with covers ornamented with figures.] The name of the maker is often stamped upon the bottom of the lamp, sometimes in the nominative case, as PULCHER, in the example given in Fig. 192, more often in the genitive and in an abbreviated form. The variety displayed in the ornamentation of lamps was as great as that manifested in the forms. Ornament was applied to all parts,--the body, the handle, the cover, and even the nozzle. The covers of the two bronze lamps shown in Fig. 196 are adorned with figures. On one is a Cupid struggling with a goose. The chain attached to the right hand of the figure on the other is fastened to a hooked needle for pulling out the wick. [Illustration: Fig. 197.--Three hanging lamps. The one at the left and the middle one are presented in two views.] The object of which we give a representation in Fig. 198, often erroneously classed as a lamp, is a nursing bottle, _biberon_. The material is clay, and the figure of a gladiator is stamped on it, symbolizing the hope that the infant will develop strength and vigor. On some bottles of this kind the figure of a thriving child is seen, on others a mother suckling a child. [Illustration: Fig. 198.--A nursing bottle.] Three kinds of supports for lamps may be distinguished according to their size: lamp standards, which stood on the floor and ranged in height from 2½ to 5 feet; lamp holders, not far from 20 inches high, which were placed on tables; and small lamp stands, also used on the table. The general term _candelabrum_ was originally applied to candle holders containing several candles (_candelae_). Such candle holders have been found in Etruscan graves, but the candelabra met with at Pompeii were all designed to carry lamps. The lamp standards, of bronze, are often of graceful proportions and ornamented in good taste. The feet are modelled to represent the claws (Fig. 199) or hoofs of animals. The slender shaft rises sometimes directly from the union of the three legs at the centre, sometimes from a round, ornamented disk resting on the legs. Above the shaft is usually an ornamental form, a sphinx, as in our illustration, a head, or a vase-like capital sustaining the round flat top on which the lamp rested. Occasionally the shaft is replaced by a conventional plant form.