Popular Scientific Recreations: in Natural Philosphy, Astronomy, Geology, Chemistry, etc., etc., etc.Tissandier, Gaston
Science
Popular Scientific Recreations: in Natural Philosphy, Astronomy, Geology, Chemistry, etc., etc., etc.
Tissandier, Gaston
Scientific recreations
If any shining object, such as a lancet, or a disc of silver-paper
gummed to a plate, is placed at about the distance of a foot from the
eyes of a person, slightly above the head, and the patient regards
this object fixedly, and without interruption for twenty or thirty
minutes, he will become gradually motionless, and in a great number
of cases will fall into a condition of torpor and genuine sleep. Dr.
Braid affirms that under such circumstances he has been able to perform
surgical operations, without the patient having any consciousness of
pain. Later also, M. Azam has proved the complete insensibility to
pricking on the part of individuals whom he has rendered cataleptic by
the fixing of a brilliant object. The experiment of the cataleptic
cock was first described under the name of _Experimentum Mirabile_,
by P. Kircher, in his _Ars Magna_, published at Rome in 1646. It
evidently belongs to the class of experiments which were performed
at the Salpêtrière asylum at Paris, by M. Charcot, on patients
suffering from special disorders. It must now be evident to our
readers that our scientific occupations were sufficiently varied,
and that we easily found around us many objects of study. When the
weather was wet and cloudy we remained indoors, and devoted ourselves
to microscopical examinations. Everything that came under our hands,
insects, vegetables, etc., were worthy of observation. One day, while
engaged over a microscopical preparation, I was making use of one of
those steel points generally employed in such purposes, when happening
to pass it accidentally beneath the microscope, I was astonished to
see how rough and uneven it appeared when highly magnified. The idea
then occurred to me to have recourse to something still more pointed,
and I was thus led to make comparisons between the different objects
represented in figs. 8 and 9. It will here be seen how very coarse
is the product of our industry when compared with the product of
Nature. No. 1 of fig. 8 represents the point of a pin that has already
been used, magnified 500 diameters. The point is evidently slightly
blunted and flattened. The malleable metal has yielded a little under
the pressure necessary to make it pass through a material. No. 2 is
a little more pointed; it is a needle. This, too, will be seen to be
defective when regarded by the aid of the microscope. On the other
hand, what fineness and delicacy do the rose thorn and wasp’s sting
present when examined under the same magnifier! (See the two points in
fig. 9.)
An examination of this exact drawing has led me to make a calculation
which leads to rather curious results: at a half millimetre from the
point, the diameters of the four objects represented are in thousandths
of a millimetre respectively, 3·4; 2·2; 1·1; 0·38. The corresponding
sections in millionths of a square millimetre are: 907·92; 380·13;
95·03; 11·34; or, in round numbers, 908; 380; 95; 11.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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