[Illustration: Fig. 33.—Calling out a sixpence from the glass.] Fig. 33 represents another experiment which belongs to the laws of resisting force. A sixpence is placed on a table covered with a cloth or napkin. It is covered with a glass, turned over so that its brim rests on two penny pieces. The problem to be solved is how to extract the sixpence from underneath the glass without touching it, or slipping anything beneath it. To do this it is necessary to scratch the cloth with the nail of the forefinger; the elasticity of the material communicates the movement to the sixpence, which slowly moves in the direction of the finger, until it finally comes out completely from beneath the glass. We may give another experiment concerning Inertia. Take a strip of paper, and upon it place a coin, on a marble chimney-piece, as in the illustration. If, holding the paper in the left hand, you strike it rapidly and forcibly, you will be enabled to draw away the paper without causing the coin (say a five-shilling-piece) to fall down (fig. 34). It is not impossible to draw away a napkin laid as a tablecloth for one person’s dinner, without disturbing the various articles laid upon it. A quick motion is all that is necessary, keeping the napkin tightly extended by the hands at the same time. This latter experiment, however, is not recommended to boys home for the holidays, as they may unwillingly practise a feat analogous to that executed by Humpty-Dumpty, and find equal difficulty to match the pieces. [Illustration: Fig. 34.—Drawing a slip of paper from beneath a coin.] We will now examine the term _Motion_. A body is said to be in motion when it changes its position in relation to surrounding objects. To perceive motion the surrounding objects must be relatively at rest, for if they all hurried along at the same rate no motion would be perceptible. This is evident, for when we stand still trees and houses appear stationary, as do we ourselves, but we know we all are rushing round with the earth, though our _relative_ positions are unchanged. Hence there is no _absolute_ rest. What are the causes of motion?—Gravity is one. The influence of heat, which is itself caused by the motion of atoms, the effects of electricity, etc., and finally, the power of force in men or animals—any of these causes will produce motion. But a body at rest cannot put itself in motion, nor can a body in motion stop itself, or change its condition of motion. But you may say a body will stop itself. Your ball on the ground, or even upon ice, will eventually come to a stop. We fire a bullet, and it will stop in time. We reply it does not stop of itself. The resistance of the Air and Friction tend to bring the body in motion to a state of rest. In the case of a bullet gravity brings it down.