_Technology._ Brongniart, Burton, Bushell, D’Entrecolles, Dubreuil, Julien, Reeks, Salvétat, Vogt, Wurtz. _Tournay._ Soil. _Venice._ Davillier, Drake. _Vienna._ Falke. _Wedgwood._ Meteyard. _Worcester._ Binns. LIST OF WORKS ON OTHER SUBJECTS REFERRED TO IN THE TEXT BORLASE. _Natural History of Cornwall._ Oxford, 1758. CHARDIN. _Voyages en Perse._ Amsterdam, 1686. DAVIS (SIR JOHN): _The Chinese._ 1857. GERTZ. _Les Produits de la Nature Chinoise et Japonaise._ Yokohama. HIRTH (F.):-- _China and the Roman Orient._ 1855. _Fremde Einflüsse in der Chinesischen Kunst._ Leipsic, 1896. _Chinesische Studien._ Munich, 1890. LISTER (DR. MARTIN): _Journey to Paris._ London, 1699. POLO (MARCO):-- _Le Livre de M. P._ Edited by M. G. Pauthier. Paris, 1865. _The Book of Ser M. P._ Edited by H. Yule, 1871. PALÉOLOGUE: _L’Art Chinois._ Paris, 1887. PLOT (DR.): _Natural History of Oxfordshire._ Oxford, 1677. REIN (J. J.): _Industries of Japan._ 1889. RICHTHOFEN (FERDINAND V.): _China._ Berlin, 1877. YULE (H.): _Cathay and the Way Thither._ 1866. PORCELAIN CHAPTER I INTRODUCTORY AND SCIENTIFIC It is with a comparatively small branch of the art of the potter that we are concerned in this book. Porcelain or china, in all countries except the one where it was slowly brought to perfection, has always remained something of an exotic, and even in China we shall see that it was the immediate Imperial patronage and the constant demand for the court at Pekin that brought about the great development of the art under the present dynasty. In Japan, the first independent country to which the new art spread, it was under the eye of the greater and smaller feudal lords, often in the very garden of their palaces, that the kilns were erected, while the ware produced was reserved for the use of the prince and his household. Both in China and Japan we shall find the decline of the art to go hand in hand with the advance of the demand for the Western market, so that by the beginning of the nineteenth century we lose all interest in the manufacture. This dependence upon royal or princely support is equally prominent in the history of the shortlived porcelain factories of Europe. Their success or failure has generally followed closely upon the greater or less interest taken in them by the reigning prince, and few of these kilns survived the political changes of the end of the eighteenth century. No doubt, within the last twenty years or so a certain revival has come about both in the Far East and in certain European countries, and that under totally different conditions from those which prevailed in the eighteenth century. Here and there, at least, the manufacture of porcelain has come within the sphere of the new impulses that have brought about such changes in the ‘Arts and Crafts’ at the end of the nineteenth century.