point of blood, that may have been discharged from irritation of the kidney or bladder, is often found to form the nucleus of a stone: the slightest substance, once in the bladder, is apt to form a basis for accumulation: a pin, a fragment of a bougie, or any instrument, hair, wood, and numberless other things that have found their way into the bladder, have given rise to the formidable and distressing complaint of stone. _Treatment of Gravel._—It is not to be anticipated that every person is prone to excrete gravelly urine, else certain dietetics, that evidently give rise to the same in particular instances, had better at once be removed from the list of articles of food, and their use prohibited altogether; but there are instances where a constitutional disposition exists in particular families, that is even transmitted from generation to generation, to calculous diseases, and in those cases, every precaution should be taken to avoid even their development. The antidotes to the disposition to gravelly urine are, exercise, temperance, and the adoption of all those means that tend to promote a healthy action of the skin and kidneys, namely, the warm bath—it is a perfect talisman in these affections—it needs but little eulogy; the comfort and relief, where relief is sought, afforded on the first experiment, best bespeak its praise. It is decidedly one of the most useful adjunctive prophylactic measures we have. I have already stated, that disorders of the urine arrange themselves under two great heads—the acid and the alkaline prevalence. The treatment is to neutralize the excess of either: the acid diathesis, as it is called, is considered a less healthy deviation than the alkaline, and is looked upon as indicative of greater constitutional break-up. The medicines most in vogue in gravelly disorders are, turpentine (to increase the formation of lithic acid), sulphuric, nitric, and muriatic acids; while the antagonists to that form of the disease, wherein the above are given, consist of ammonia, potass, and soda. The great object, however, is to balance the health, to allay irritation, and tranquillize the morbid uproar of the system. Here we have an extensive field to select from in the class of sedatives. Opium, perhaps, is the best—the most to be depended upon, its properties being best known; the warm bath comes next; and lastly, the various tonics and astringents of our pharmacopœia, of which quinine, uva ursi, pareira brava, achillæ millefoliæ, buchu, &c., &c., stand foremost.