Literature, Modern -- 19th century -- History and criticism
Sometimes, indeed, she goes without our interference, and disappears
only because of our neglect. There are poems that many men cannot
perceive to be poetry. There are others, once poetry, now no longer
so. Let us apply our formula to these phenomena, and first to the
varying popularity of poetry, since our solution of this question will
help us in solving the other. We shall find that the nearer poetry
approaches to kinetic speech, the more easily is it apprehended by the
multitude. Kinetic speech secures its effects by the presentation of
facts, situations and stories, which are stuff not so fine as to slip
through the coarse meshes of the general understanding. This explains
the immediate and wide popularity of such poets as Longfellow, Scott,
and Macaulay. Because prose, as a rule, depends more nearly on its
kinetic than on its potential utterance, it is, as a rule, the more
widely read. When, as in the hands of some nineteenth century writers,
it emphasizes the potential element of speech it correspondingly
narrows its public. Whenever poetry of high potentiality is read by a
large public it will be found that its potential speech is condoned
for them or hidden from them by more than usually vigorous kinetic
speech. For potential speech secures its effects by suggestion. There
is a bloom on its wings that a callous retina does not perceive. It
is like a butterfly that has visited flowers and scatters their scent
in its flight. The scent and the fluttering of its bloom-laden wings
are more important than the direction or speed of its flying. It is
always easier for the public to say, how fast, or where it is going
than to notice these delicate things. The kinetic speech of a poem is
understood by all; the potential depends for its apprehension upon
the taste and knowledge of the reader. Words must have for us the
associations that they had for the poet. We must be able to see them
with his eyes, hear them with his ears, and taste their scents with
nostrils not dissimilar to his. In time these things change. Unpopular
poetry becomes quite popular, and indeed, no longer poetry, as it
loses, through usage or forgetfulness, its proximity to the condition
of potential speech. Accents are shifted from one to another syllable,
and we should be deaf to the melody if we were unable to replace them.
New meanings gather round the words, and they come back from later
travels disguised in strange perfumes. The kinetic speech may be
disturbed, but the potential has disappeared in a jargon of new sounds,
a quarrel of new memories, and a chaos of new odours. Sometimes indeed,
it is as if it had never existed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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