Literature, Modern -- 19th century -- History and criticism
In this light it is easy to understand the curious business of
criticism, and to formulate an account of what occurs when poetry dies,
or falls asleep like the princess in the wood, to be awakened after
two centuries by a critic’s kiss. The Elizabethan dramatists lost
their potential and were judged only by their kinetic speech during
the eighteenth century. They were considered coarse and bloody-minded,
because there is rapine and murder in their plays. Lamb restored to
them the potentiality they had lost and turned bleak rock to flowering
country. Spenser had become a mere monger of allegory, until Hazlitt
and Leigh Hunt reconstituted him poet by discovering for themselves
and others the attitude that restores to his kinetic its lost
potential speech. Writers of Wordsworth’s generation realised, at least
subconsciously, that a poem is not independent of knowledge. They tried
to help us by printing at the head of a poem information about the
circumstances of its conception. When a poet tells us that a sonnet was
composed “on Westminster Bridge” or “suggested by Mr. Westell’s views
of the caves, &c. in Yorkshire,” he is trying to ease for us the task
of aesthetic reproduction to which his poem is a stimulus. He is trying
to ensure that we shall approach it as he did, and hear as well as the
kinetic the potential speech that he values. There is a crudity about
such obvious assistance, and it would be quite insufficient without
the wider knowledge on which we draw unconsciously as we read. But the
crudity of those pitiable scraps of proffered information is not so
remarkable as the dulness of perception that can allow a man to demand
of a poem that it shall itself compel him accurately to enjoy it. It
is possible that much of the old poetry that now seems to us no more
than direct speech was once wrapped in a veil of suggestion. It is the
critic’s business to rediscover those forgotten veils and to restore to
the kinetic the magic of potential speech.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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